Abstract:This work presents selected results of an unconventional aircraft development campaign. Engine installation at the rear part of the fuselage imposed design constraints for air intakes that should be used for cooling purposes. Trial and error flight tests increased the development cost and time which required a more sophisticated analysis through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques and robust semiempirical approach. The carried-out investigation of the air intakes started with an empirical approach fr… Show more
“…Air intake, being a critical component of the air induction system of all air-breathing aircraft, has immense practical applications. Air intakes are used for a variety of purposes, including air conditioning, ventilation of hydraulic and fuel lines, and engine cooling [63]. The study enumerated in this article can be considered an engineering tool to design air intakes for aerospace engineers under swirl inflow conditions.…”
Air intakes are an integral part of contemporary passenger and military aircraft engines. Their impact on aerodynamic performance across the entire flight envelope is critical to aircraft flight safety, efficiency, and maneuverability, especially at high Mach numbers due to shock waves. The high demand for reduction in aircraft weight and size and enhancement of durability, comfort, and thermal and radar signatures compels researchers and engineers to explore new designs and develop efficient air intakes for high-performance aircraft engines. Although a number of studies on air intake have been conducted and reported in the open literature, there is little information available in the public domain on bifurcated twin air intakes using synthetic jet. As a result, the primary goal of this research is to use high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics modelling to investigate the effects of synthetic jets on swirl inflow variable geometry twin air intake aerodynamic performance over a range of Reynolds numbers. Some important parameters (distortion coefficient, non-uniformity index, swirl coefficient, and static and total pressure coefficients) were investigated. Both static and total pressure recovery have been increased at all swirl numbers. A significant decrease in distortion coefficient and swirl coefficient has also been achieved, reaching 67% in both cases. The reduction in the non-uniformity index is achieved by 62% for the controlled flow case. The findings show that the synthetic jets are effective in controlling the flow separation in the twin air-intakes and enhancing aerodynamic performance.
“…Air intake, being a critical component of the air induction system of all air-breathing aircraft, has immense practical applications. Air intakes are used for a variety of purposes, including air conditioning, ventilation of hydraulic and fuel lines, and engine cooling [63]. The study enumerated in this article can be considered an engineering tool to design air intakes for aerospace engineers under swirl inflow conditions.…”
Air intakes are an integral part of contemporary passenger and military aircraft engines. Their impact on aerodynamic performance across the entire flight envelope is critical to aircraft flight safety, efficiency, and maneuverability, especially at high Mach numbers due to shock waves. The high demand for reduction in aircraft weight and size and enhancement of durability, comfort, and thermal and radar signatures compels researchers and engineers to explore new designs and develop efficient air intakes for high-performance aircraft engines. Although a number of studies on air intake have been conducted and reported in the open literature, there is little information available in the public domain on bifurcated twin air intakes using synthetic jet. As a result, the primary goal of this research is to use high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics modelling to investigate the effects of synthetic jets on swirl inflow variable geometry twin air intake aerodynamic performance over a range of Reynolds numbers. Some important parameters (distortion coefficient, non-uniformity index, swirl coefficient, and static and total pressure coefficients) were investigated. Both static and total pressure recovery have been increased at all swirl numbers. A significant decrease in distortion coefficient and swirl coefficient has also been achieved, reaching 67% in both cases. The reduction in the non-uniformity index is achieved by 62% for the controlled flow case. The findings show that the synthetic jets are effective in controlling the flow separation in the twin air-intakes and enhancing aerodynamic performance.
“…Different studies in the aeronautical field go through aerodynamic and aeroacoustics analysis of subsonic jets through experimental tests and numerical simulations [9], [10] and [11], comparative studies for the design of propellers [12], characterization of the flow in NACAS and SCOOPS in unconventional aircraft [13] and [14]. These last works developed by CPAERO was in partnership with the aircraft manufacturer FABE Ltda, through the development of a methodology for the design, verification and validation of air intakes for a canard type aircraft (unconventional), as described by [15].…”
The present work describes the recent activities of the Experimental Aerodynamics Research Center (CPAERO) concerning all the efforts devoted to develop capacities on both experimental and numerical aerodynamic and aeroacoustic techniques applied for solving fundamental and industrial flows.Despite the low investment of resources by the Brazilian government and ruptures in institutional policies in the last decade, over the past 05 years it has been possible to build a mediumsize low-speed subsonic wind tunnel and acquire, as well as design and build, various apparatus for laboratory and open field studies.The main activities are developed in the sectors of aeronautical, automobile and alternative energy sources such as wind energy. However, other applications are under development in fields such as fluid-structure interaction, drone noise and calibration of wind tunnels and anemometric sensors.To support the experimental studies, special attention was given to computational aerodynamics through the use of open source codes for the design of airfoils, wings and more complex flow-body simulations in computational fluid dynamics (CFD).Growing interface with local and national companies is taking place, as well as research partners with other universities and research centers. Some results are presented for unconventional aircraft analyses, commercial vehicles such as sedan and pick-up's aerodynamics, flow over cylinders with different aspect ratios as well as experimental and numerical data for finite-height surface-mounted cylinders. Recent and new approaches are provided for designing biomimetic blades for small-scale horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT). Aeroacoustics numerical data is also compared with experimental data for subsonic jets at free-stream and cross-flow conditions showing the flexibility of tools and capabilities at CPAERO. However, there has been a progressive advance of numerical methods through CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) in the last 4 decades, which has changed the
“…For instance, an investigation of improvement of this type of air inlets has been achieved in [11]. Moreover, specific analyses have been proposed on air inlets for turboprops [12] or canard-type aircraft [13,14]. Electrical components were also studied.…”
The aircraft environmental control system (ECS) is the second-highest fuel consumer system, behind the propulsion system. To reduce fuel consumption, one research direction intends to replace conventional aircraft with more electric aircraft. Thus, new electric architectures have to be designed for each system, such as for the ECS. In this paper, an electric ECS is modeled and then sized and optimized for different sizing scenarios with the aim of minimizing fuel consumption at the aircraft level. For the system and for each component, such as air inlets and heat exchangers, parametric models are developed to allow the prediction of relevant characteristics. These models, developed in order to be adapted to aircraft design issues, are of different types, such as scaling laws and surrogate models. They are then assembled to build a preliminary sizing procedure for the ECS by using a multidisciplinary design analysis and optimization (MDAO) formulation. Results show that the ECS design is highly dependent on the sizing scenario considered. An approach to size the ECS globally with respect to all the sizing scenarios leads to an ECS that accounts for around 200 N of drag, 190 kW of electric power, and 1500 kg of mass for the CeRAS aircraft.
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