A Numerical Analysis of Unsteady Aerodynamics of Formula Car During Dynamic Cornering Motion

Nara, Kohei; Tsubokura, Makoto; Ikeda, Jun

doi:10.2514/6.2014-3138

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Boundary conditions and the structure of the domain have differed amongst previous cornering studies (Tsubokura et al, 2012;Okada et al, Fujita;Nara et al, 2014;Keogh et al, 2015aKeogh et al, , 2015b. In this study, only steady-state constant radius corners are considered and this was most efficiently achieved through the use of a single rotating reference frame applied to the entire domain.…”

Section: The Steady-state Cornering Conditionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The use of a rectangular domain with modified inlet and outlet locations has been favoured in prior analyses (Tsubokura et al, 2012;Okada et al, Fujita;Nara et al, 2014;Keogh et al, 2015b), and is shown in Fig. 9a.…”

Section: The Steady-state Cornering Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this, designs will typically only be analysed in the straight-line condition and yaw (Toet, 2013). Recent studies in the field have considered a wider variety of conditions to assess real-world aerodynamic performance and this has resulted in investigations into conditions such as transient cross-winds and travelling through a corner (Tsubokura et al, 2012;Okada et al, Fujita;Nara et al, 2014;D'Hooge et al, 2014;Keogh et al, 2015a). Corners, in particular, have proved problematic due to the difficulty in recreating the conditions experimentally (Toet, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The aerodynamic effects on a cornering Ahmed body

Keogh

Barber

Diasinos

et al. 2016

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

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As a vehicle travels through a corner, the flowfield observed from the vehicle's frame of reference becomes curved. This condition results in the relative flow angle and freestream velocity changing both across the width and along the length of the body. Wall-resolved Large Eddy Simulations were used to simulate a simple vehicle shape through three different radii corners. The variable flow angle and acceleration affected the pressure distribution along either side of the body and caused an increase in the size of the outboard C-pillar vortex, and an inboard decrease. Furthermore, an outboard extension of the separation bubble at the bluff trailing face resulted in a gentler downwash angle off the backlight surface, with the opposite occurring inboard. At a Reynolds number of 1.7 Â 10 6 , a 19.2% increase in aerodynamic drag occurred for a five car-length radius corner when compared to the straight-line condition. In addition, a yawing moment acted against the rotation of the body through the corner, and a side force acted towards the centre of the corner. An exponential trend related the curvature of a vehicle's path to the increase in aerodynamic drag, with a linearity exhibited for the increase in yawing moment and side force.

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Section: The Steady-state Cornering Conditionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: The Steady-state Cornering Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The aerodynamic effects on a cornering Ahmed body

Keogh

Barber

Diasinos

et al. 2016

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

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“…In a separate study an open-wheel racing car was numerically analysed through three specific corners of the Fuji Speed Way Circuit [8]. The study presented the variation in aerodynamic forces that occurred due to the change in conditions and highlighted changes in yawing moment and side force through corners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques for Aerodynamic Analysis of Cornering Vehicles

Keogh¹,

Barber²,

Diasinos³

et al. 2015

SAE Technical Paper Series

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When a vehicle travels through a corner it can experience a significant change in aerodynamic performance due to the curved path of its motion. The yaw angle of the flow will vary along its length and the relative velocity of the flow will increase with distance from the central axis of its rotation. Aerodynamic analysis of vehicles in the cornering condition is an important design parameter, particularly in motorsport. Most racing-cars are designed to produce downforce that will compromise straight-line speed to allow large gains to be made in the corners. Despite the cornering condition being important, aerodynamicists are restricted in their ability to replicate the condition experimentally. Whirling arms, rotary rigs, curved test sections and bent wind tunnel models are experimental techniques capable of replicating some aspects of the cornering condition, but are all compromised solutions. Numerical simulation is not limited in the same way and permits investigation into the condition. However, cornering introduces significant change to the flowfield and this must be accommodated for in several ways. Boundary conditions are required to be adapted to allow for the curved flow occurring within a non-inertial reference frame. In addition, drag begins to act in a curved path and variation in Re occurs within the domain. Results highlight the importance of using correct analysis techniques when evaluating aerodynamic performance for cornering vehicles. Figure 1. The steady-state cornering flow conditions.

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“…For vehicles the significant effects of this condition have been studied both numerically, and in on-road conditions [3][4][5][6][7] . These studies have indicated that the severity of these effects is highly geometry dependent.…”

Section: Figure 1 the Cornering Flow Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Type of Wind Tunnel for the Evaluation of Curved Motion

Keogh

Barber

Diasinos

et al. 2016

54th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting

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While aerodynamic analysis of the flow conditions during cornering can be an important design parameter for applications such as automobiles, vessels, and highly maneuverable aircraft, it can be difficult to simulate. This type of motion requires controlled and repeatable flow curvature, relative to the model. A new design to allow experimental testing for this condition has been developed, and by testing in a noninertial reference frame, flow curvature is achieved in the absence of a static pressure gradient. Initial results have demonstrated the ability of the concept to produce the correct flowfield and the new design offers potential for new experimental investigations that were previously unachievable. Acronyms CFD= computational fluid dynamics COR = center of rotation 1

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A Numerical Analysis of Unsteady Aerodynamics of Formula Car During Dynamic Cornering Motion

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

The aerodynamic effects on a cornering Ahmed body

The aerodynamic effects on a cornering Ahmed body

Techniques for Aerodynamic Analysis of Cornering Vehicles

A New Type of Wind Tunnel for the Evaluation of Curved Motion

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