“…33,34 Among these, the fluorescence method utilizing fluorescent probes is particularly attractive due to its simplicity, convenient visual detection, and high sensitivity. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Researchers have designed and applied various fluorescence probes based on antibodies, 44 aptamers, 45,46 quantum dots, 47,48 and liposomes 49 for detection of patulin in food samples. However, many of the fluorescent probes reported in the literature suffer from complex and time-consuming fabrication or involve intricate operation conditions and procedures.…”