A Novel Way to Automatically Plan Cellular Networks Supported by Linear Programming and Cloud Computing

Godinho, Andre; Fernandes, Daniel; Soares, Gabriela; Pina, Paulo; Sebastião, Pedro; Correia, Américo; Ferreira, Lucio Studer

doi:10.3390/app10093072

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The author showed that the approximation and optimal solutions are close in dimension. A linear equation system was set up to config the cell locations and frequencies under the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) constraint in [29]. The author used Z-order curve which converts three-dimensional points in geographic areas into unidimensional ones.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Vector-Based Approach for Dimensioning Small Cell Networks in Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

Zhang

Sun

2022

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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Millimeter wave (mmW) is being deployed in hotspot scenarios for providing high bandwidths. However, the coverage of mmW cell is limited due to the rapid attenuation during the propagation and sensitivity to blockage by obstacles. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic programming approach for automated dimensioning and appropriate placement of mmW small cells (SCs) in dense urban under the constraints of coverage and budget. Being cognizant of the blockage by city buildings, a fast search algorithm based on vector is introduced to enable most line-of-sight (LOS) communication links between base stations (BSs) and mobile stations (MSs). The analysis of time complexity is also derived in closed forms. The evaluation of our approach was carried out in both hypothetic and realistic scenarios. Results show that the studied model is effective for a real large-scaled network and 4 or 5 times faster than the conventional ones based on grid-map.

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Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Vector-Based Approach for Dimensioning Small Cell Networks in Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

Zhang

Sun

2022

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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“…When transitioning from a link-level perspective to a system-level analysis, we must deal with several other issues, such as distance limitation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradation, weak coverage areas and blind zones, which are particularly relevant when working in the high-frequency spectrum [11,20,21]. This is the main reason why network and resource allocation planning are crucial when deploying these systems for cellular communications, independently of the scenario under study [11,22]. There are few system-level evaluations of mmWave schemes in the literature, such as the ones mentioned in [23,24], but beyond all the proposals in the field of system-level analysis very few examples have been extended to the 5G New Radio (5G NR) standard of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and for the THz level (e.g., 100 GHz) as we cover in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System-Level Assessment of Low Complexity Hybrid Precoding Designs for Massive MIMO Downlink Transmissions in Beyond 5G Networks

et al. 2022

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The fast growth experienced by the telecommunications field during the last few decades has been motivating the academy and the industry to invest in the design, testing and deployment of new evolutions of wireless communication systems. Terahertz (THz) communication represents one of the possible technologies to explore in order to achieve the desired achievable rates above 100 Gbps and the extremely low latency required in many envisioned applications. Despite the potentialities, it requires proper system design, since working in the THz band brings a set of challenges, such as the reflection and scattering losses through the transmission path, the high dependency with distance and the severe hardware constraints. One key approach for overcoming some of these challenges relies on the use of massive/ultramassive antenna arrays combined with hybrid precoders based on fully connected phase-shifter architectures or partially connected architectures, such as arrays of subarrays (AoSAs) or dynamic AoSAs (DAoSAs). Through this strategy, it is possible to obtain very high-performance gains while drastically simplifying the practical implementation and reducing the overall power consumption of the system when compared to a fully digital approach. Although these types of solutions have been previously proposed to address some of the limitations of mmWave/THz communications, a lack between link-level and system-level analysis is commonly verified. In this paper, we present a thorough system-level assessment of a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) for beyond 5G (B5G) systems where the access points (APs) operate in the mmWave/THz bands, supporting multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) transmission with massive/ultra-massive antenna arrays combined with low-complexity hybrid precoding architectures. Results showed that the C-RAN deployments in two indoor office scenarios for the THz were capable of achieving good throughput and coverage performances, with only a small compromise in terms of gains when adopting reduced complexity hybrid precoders. Furthermore, we observed that the indoor-mixed office scenario can provide higher throughput and coverage performances independently of the cluster size when compared to the indoor-open office scenario.

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“…In the planning of cellular resources, an example of this trend in supporting SON by cloud services is presented in [12] [13], a recent investigation proposing an automatic and efficient planning strategy for large cellular Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) deployments. Although a well-known technology with more than 30 years, commercial available planning tools like Metric Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) [14] are adopting such methodologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloud-Based Implementation of a SON Radio Resources Planning System for Mobile Networks and Integration in SaaS Metric

et al. 2021

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In mobile network deployments of growing size, the optimum and fast planning of radio resources are a key task. Cloud services enable efficient and scalable implementation of procedures and algorithms. In this paper, a proof of concept implementation of a cloud-based network planning work pattern using Amazon Web Services (AWS) is presented, containing new and efficient radio resource plannning algorithms for 3G, 4G and 5G systems. It extracts configuration and performance data from the network, enabling to accurately estimate cells coverage, identify neighbouring cells and optimally plan scrambling codes (SCs) and physical cell identity (PCI) in 3G and 4G/5G networks, respectively. This implementation was integrated and is available in the commercial Metric Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) monitoring and planning tool. The cloud-based planning system is demonstrated in various canonical and realistic Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) scenarios, and compared to an algorithm previously used by Metric. For a small LTE realistic scenario consisting of 9 sites and 23 cells, it takes less than 0.6 seconds to perform the planning. For an UMTS realistic scenario with 12 484 unplanned cells, the planning is efficiently achieved, taking less than 8 seconds, and guaranteeing no collisions between first order neighbouring cells. The proposed concept is proved, as this system, capable of automatically planning 3/4/5G realistic networks of multi-vendor equipment, makes Metric more attractive to the market.

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A Novel Way to Automatically Plan Cellular Networks Supported by Linear Programming and Cloud Computing

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

A Vector-Based Approach for Dimensioning Small Cell Networks in Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

A Vector-Based Approach for Dimensioning Small Cell Networks in Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

System-Level Assessment of Low Complexity Hybrid Precoding Designs for Massive MIMO Downlink Transmissions in Beyond 5G Networks

Cloud-Based Implementation of a SON Radio Resources Planning System for Mobile Networks and Integration in SaaS Metric

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