A novel wavelength detection technique of overlapping spectra in the serial WDM FBG sensor network

Jiang, Hao; Chen, Jing; Liu, Tundong

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2013.04.023

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Based on the wavelength detection technique reported in the previous investigations [2][3][4][5][6][7][8], the operational regions of FBGs are permitted to be overlapped partially in our design. This means the bandwidth requirement can be reduced significantly by the overlapping spectra.…”

Section: Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, much attention has been paid to the overlapping spectra-based wavelength detection technique [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. To improve the multiplexing capability of the WDM system, some evolutionary algorithms, such as genetic algorithm [3], particle swarm optimizer [4,5] and differential evolution algorithm [6,7], are applied to detect the Bragg wavelength when the spectra of FBGs are overlapped. These previous techniques are capable of accurately determining the Bragg wavelengths even when the spectra of FBGs in the network are partially or completely overlapped.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multi-objective design of an FBG sensor network using an improved Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm

Jiang¹,

Chen²,

Liu³

2014

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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Section: Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-objective design of an FBG sensor network using an improved Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm

Jiang¹,

Chen²,

Liu³

2014

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

Self Cite

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“…Therefore, accurate determination of the FBG Bragg wavelength from the overlapping spectra is the primary task of the FBG sensor network. Recently, to boost the accuracy of Bragg wavelength measurements, several evolutionary algorithms such as genetic algorithms (GAs) [ 20 ], differential evolution (DE) algorithms [ 21 , 22 ], particle swarm (PSO) algorithms [ 23 , 24 ], and distributed estimation algorithms (EDA) [ 25 ] have been proposed. However, as the number of sensors increases, evolutionary algorithms typically need longer processing time to achieve better accuracy and have higher detection errors, which affect real-time monitoring of the Bragg wavelength measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Reliable Bus Structure Distributed Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Network Using Gated Recurrent Unit Network

Dehnaw

Manie

Chen

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The focus of this paper was designing and demonstrating bus structure FBG sensor networks using intensity wavelength division multiplexing (IWDM) techniques and a gated recurrent unit (GRU) algorithm to increase the capability of multiplexing and the ability to detect Bragg wavelengths with greater accuracy. Several Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are coupled with power ratios of 90:10 and 80:10, respectively in the suggested experimental setup. We used the latest IWDM multiplexing technique for the proposed scheme, as the IWDM system increases the number of sensors and allows us to alleviate the limited operational region drawback of conventional wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). However, IWDM has a crosstalk problem that causes high-sensor signal measurement errors. Thus, we proposed the GRU model to overcome this crosstalk or overlapping problem by converting the spectral detection problem into a regression problem and considered the sequence of spectral features as input. By feeding this sequential spectrum dataset into the GRU model, we trained the GRU system until we achieved optimal efficiency. Consequently, the well-trained GRU model quickly and accurately identifies the Bragg wavelength of each FBG from the overlapping spectra. The Bragg wavelength detection performance of our proposed GRU model is tested or validated using different numbers of FBG sensors, such as 3-FBG, 5-FBG, 7-FBG, and 10-FBG, separately. As a result, the experiment result proves that the well-trained GRU model accurately identifies each FBG Bragg wavelength, and even the number of FBG sensors increase, as well as the spectra of FBGs, which are partially or fully overlapped. Therefore, to boost the detection efficiency, reliability, and to increase the multiplexing capabilities of FBG sensor networks, the proposed sensor system is better than the other previously proposed methods.

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“…We focus in the development of an additional multiplexing dimension (code multiplexing) to enhance the number of sensors in the network. Other approaches have been suggested to identify the central wavelength of FBG sensors under overlapping conditions [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], but these methods are computationally consuming and non-deterministic since they rely on bio-inspired computational techniques. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: in Section 2 the fundamental concepts regarding the sensor design and their interrogation method are considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Code Division Design Strategy for Multiplexing Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing Networks

Triana

Pastor

Varón

2017

Sensors

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In this paper, an encoding strategy is used to design specialized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The encoding of each sensor requires two binary codewords to define the amplitude and phase patterns of each sensor. The combined pattern (amplitude and phase) makes each sensor unique and therefore two or more sensors can be identified under spectral overlapping. In this way, we add another dimension to the multiplexing of FBG sensors, obtaining an increase factor ‘n’ to enhance the number of sensors that the system can handle. A proof-of-concept scenario with three sensors was performed, including the manufacturing of the encoded sensors. Furthermore, an interrogation setup to detect the sensors central wavelength was proposed and its working principle was theoretically developed. Results show that total identification of the central wavelength is performed under spectral overlapping between the manufactured sensors, achieving a three-time improvement of the system capacity. Finally, the error due to overlapping between the sensors was assessed obtaining approximately 3 pm, which makes the approach suitable for use in real measurement systems.

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A novel wavelength detection technique of overlapping spectra in the serial WDM FBG sensor network

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Multi-objective design of an FBG sensor network using an improved Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm

Multi-objective design of an FBG sensor network using an improved Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm

Design Reliable Bus Structure Distributed Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Network Using Gated Recurrent Unit Network

A Code Division Design Strategy for Multiplexing Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing Networks

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