A novel vertical flow assay for point of care measurement of iron from whole blood

Serhan, Michael; Jackemeyer, David; Karam, Karam Abi; Chakravadhanula, Kasyap; Sprowls, Mark; Cay-Durgun, Pinar; Forzani, Erica

doi:10.1039/d0an02351e

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Some devices were made for plasma separation only with the idea of simplifying sample preparation, allowing the processed sample to then be subjected to a downstream analytical technique. Plasma separation membranes can efficiently process undiluted blood to release relatively high plasma yields, and they are easily incorporated into microfluidic devices and/or coupled with detection techniques. − However, membranes are susceptible to clogging and leaking RBCs into the plasma product, especially for samples high in hematocrit . Some robust membranes can resist hematocrit of up to 55%, which is above the healthy hematocrit level (36–50%) but results in a decrease in plasma yield. ,− Moreover, since plasma yield is dependent on hematocrit, patients with diseases associated with higher hematocrit levels must be considered before employing these devices for plasma analysis.…”

Section: Microfluidic Devices For Sample Preparation Of Undiluted Who...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Microfluidic Devices for Sample Preparation of Undiluted Whole Blood to Enable the Detection of Biomarkers

et al. 2023

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Blood testing allows for diagnosis and monitoring of numerous conditions and illnesses; it forms an essential pillar of the health industry that continues to grow in market value. Due to the complex physical and biological nature of blood, samples must be carefully collected and prepared to obtain accurate and reliable analysis results with minimal background signal. Examples of common sample preparation steps include dilutions, plasma separation, cell lysis, and nucleic acid extraction and isolation, which are time-consuming and can introduce risks of sample cross-contamination or pathogen exposure to laboratory staff. Moreover, the reagents and equipment needed can be costly and difficult to obtain in point-of-care or resource-limited settings. Microfluidic devices can perform sample preparation steps in a simpler, faster, and more affordable manner. Devices can be carried to areas that are difficult to access or that do not have the resources necessary. Although many microfluidic devices have been developed in the last 5 years, few were designed for the use of undiluted whole blood as a starting point, which eliminates the need for blood dilution and minimizes blood sample preparation. This review will first provide a short summary on blood properties and blood samples typically used for analysis, before delving into innovative advances in microfluidic devices over the last 5 years that address the hurdles of blood sample preparation. The devices will be categorized by application and the type of blood sample used. The final section focuses on devices for the detection of intracellular nucleic acids, because these require more extensive sample preparation steps, and the challenges involved in adapting this technology and potential improvements are discussed.

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Section: Microfluidic Devices For Sample Preparation Of Undiluted Who...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Microfluidic Devices for Sample Preparation of Undiluted Whole Blood to Enable the Detection of Biomarkers

et al. 2023

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“…These hurdles render RPA less compatible with POCT, warranting an additional on-site ancillary protocol. VFA-based detection of even smaller molecules than DNA, such as iron [46] and oxytetracycline [47], have also been reported. Clearly, the application of VFAs for detecting nucleic acids and metabolites is likely to grow and evolve in the coming years.…”

Section: Nucleic Acid and Small Molecule Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Gold Nanoparticle Vertical Flow Assays for Point-of-Care Testing

et al. 2022

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Vertical flow assays (VFAs) or flow-through assays have emerged as an alternate type of paper-based assay due to their faster detection time, larger sample volume capacity, and significantly higher multiplexing capabilities. They have been successfully employed to detect several different targets (polysaccharides, protein, and nucleic acids), although in a limited number of samples (serum, whole blood, plasma) compared to the more commonly known lateral flow assays (LFAs). The operation of a VFA relies mainly on gravity, coupled with capillary action or external force to help the sample flow through layers of stacked pads. With recent developments in this field, multiple layers of pads and signal readers have been optimized for more user-friendly operation, and VFAs have achieved a lower limit of detection for various analytes than the gold-standard methods. Thus, compared to the more widely used LFA, the VFA demonstrates certain advantages and is becoming an increasingly popular platform for obtaining qualitative and quantitative results in low-resource settings. Considering the wide application of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in VFAs, we will mostly discuss (1) the design of GNP-based VFA along with its associated advantages/disadvantages, (2) fabrication and optimization of GNP-based VFAs for applications, and (3) the future outlook of flow-based assays for point-of-care testing (POCT) diagnostics.

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Moving toward smart biomedical sensing

Naghdi

Ardalan

Adib

et al. 2023

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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A novel vertical flow assay for point of care measurement of iron from whole blood

Abstract: Disorders in iron metabolism are endemic globally, affecting more than several hundred million individuals and often resulting in increased rates of mortality or general deterioration of quality of life. To...

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Emerging Microfluidic Devices for Sample Preparation of Undiluted Whole Blood to Enable the Detection of Biomarkers

Emerging Microfluidic Devices for Sample Preparation of Undiluted Whole Blood to Enable the Detection of Biomarkers

Design of Gold Nanoparticle Vertical Flow Assays for Point-of-Care Testing

Moving toward smart biomedical sensing

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