A novel vehicle-mounted sticky trap; an effective sampling tool for savannah tsetse flies Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and Glossina morsitans centralis Machado

Abstract

Background Black screen fly round (BFR) is a mobile sampling method for Glossina morsitans. This technique relies on the ability of operator(s) to capture flies landing on the screen with hand nets. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a vehicle-mounted sticky panel trap (VST) that is independent of the operator’s ability to capture flies against BFR, for effective and rapid sampling of G. m. morsitans Westwood and G. m. centralis Machado. We also determined the influence of the VST colour (all-blue, all-black or 1:1 blue-black), orientation and presence of odour attractants on tsetse catch. Methodology/Principal findings Using randomised block design experiments conducted in Zambia, we compared and modelled the number of tsetse flies caught in the treatment arms using negative binomial regression. There were no significant differences in the catch indices of the three colour designs and for in-line or transversely oriented panels for both subspecies (P > 0.05). When baited with butanone and 1-octen-3-ol, VST caught 1.38 (1.11–1.72; P < 0.01) times more G. m. centralis flies than the un-baited trap. Attractants did not significantly increase the VST catch index for G. m. morsitans (P > 0.05). Overall, the VST caught 2.42 (1.91–3.10; P < 0.001) and 2.60 (1.50–3.21; P < 0.001) times more G. m. centralis and G. m. morsitans respectively, than the BFR. The VST and BFR took 10 and 35 min respectively to cover a 1 km transect. Conclusion/Significance The VST is several times more effective for sampling G. m. morsitans and G. m. centralis than the BFR and we recommend its use as an alternative sampling tool.

Policy and Linkages in the Application of a One Health System for Reporting and Controlling African Trypanosomiasis and Other Zoonotic Diseases in Zambia

“…Current methods for tsetse control include non-insecticidal (bush clearing, the sterile insect technique, and the use of insect symbionts), and insecticidal methods (odour baits, SAT and ground spraying). Tsetse infested areas are categorised as low, medium, and high priority areas to determine the type of intervention to be employed [13,27,34].…”

Spatial distribution of Glossina morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Zambia: A vehicle-mounted sticky trap survey and Maxent species distribution model

“…A two-sided all-blue (blue polyester, ParmaNet, Vestergaard Frandsen, Denmark) VST with one-sided adhesive film (Rentokil FE45, Liverpool, UK) was constructed according to the method described by Muyobela et al [ 20 ]. Briefly, blue fabric was cut and fixed onto one side of two 5 mm × 1 m × 1.5 m plywood boards.…”

“…morsitans distribution. However, it is limited to surveying motorable tracks [ 20 ] and its utility outside an experimental setting has not been demonstrated.…”

Therapeutic Efficacy of Orally Administered Nitrofurantoin against Animal African Trypanosomosis Caused by Trypanosoma congolense Infection

“…Moreover, it is difficult to reduce vector density and trypanosome prevalence by using only vector control measures, such as insect traps, insecticide spraying, and sterile insect techniques in wide endemic areas [ 9 ]. To overcome the difficulty of the traditional tsetse control strategy, in the current tsetse control projects, new effective tsetse capture traps were developed [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Furthermore, an integrated approach, involving the combination of a baseline survey, aerial and ground spraying of insecticides, insecticide-impregnated targets, and the mass trypanocide treatment of domestic animals, could achieve a tsetse/trypanosomosis-free area in Burkina Faso [ 13 ].…”