A novel triple recovery information embedding approach for self-embedded digital image watermarking

Abstract

Image tamper detection and recovery has become an important issue in recent years. In order to detect and recover high tampering rated images, this paper presents a novel selfembedded fragile watermarking method with triple recovery information embedding approach. In this proposed method host image is divided into sixteen main blocks. Four partner blocks are selected from main blocks as a partner group using Look-Up table which is constructed for recovery against high tampering rated images. Each partner block is divided into 4 × 4 blocks. Recovery data of each partner block is generated from the mean values of the 4 × 4 blocks. Then, triple recovery information for each partner block is constructed by combining recovery data of the three other partner blocks. After the generation of the recovery information, each partner block is divided into 16 × 16 blocks. Then, these blocks are divided into four 8 × 8 sub-blocks. Recovery bits for each partner block are embedded into the first and second least significant bits (LSBs) of the first three sub-blocks. It means that triple copies of recovery information for each partner block are embedded into three other blocks in the image, which provides triple chance for recovery of the tampered areas. On the other hand, authentication information is generated from the pixels of the 16 × 16 recovery information embedded image blocks by using MD5 hash function. This authentication information is embedded into the quarter part of each 16 × 16 block by using LSB substitution. The performance of the proposed method has been demonstrated by applying different size of cropping attacks to the different areas of the watermarked images. Experimental results show that the proposed method satisfactory recovers up to 75% tampering rated images.

Image watermarking based on remainder value differencing and extended Hamming code

“…Gul and Ozturk 12 brought up a watermarking technique with triple data concealing approach. Here, 16 main groups are generated from the image.…”

A robust blind medical image watermarking approach for telemedicine applications

“…Spatial methods consist of inserting the mark directly into the image [ 6 ]. They have the advantage of being easy to implement and the insertion and signature detection operations are very fast and have low computation time but are not robust to geometrical attacks [ 7 ]. Frequency methods remain more recent methods whose principle is to insert the mark not directly in the image but in the transformed domain.…”

Optimized Hybrid DCT-SVD Computation over Extremely Large Images

“…The expected performance is the proposed method could achieve a better time computation than the conventional, so if using computer with similar specification, the proposed computation will be faster than the conventional with similar accuracy. Actually, using block matrix for SVD computation is already provided by many literatures where number of the block depend on the size of original and watermark image, for example: some literatures used block matrix with size 4 × 4 [6], [7] while others prefer to use 8 × 8 block matrix [8] - [11] or the higher one 16 × 16 [12] - [14]. Instead of the block, it is also possible to exploit low-high frequency band using discrete wavelet transformation to avoid the dependency [15] - [18].…”