Resonance Raman scattering and electroreflection measurements on laterally composition modulated GaP/ InP short-period superlattices are presented. The electroreflectance spectra give the fundamental band-gap energy of the lateral superlattice at 1.69Ϯ0.05 eV, which is about 210 meV lower than the band-gap energy of a GaInP random alloy with the same overall composition. In resonance Raman spectra measured with the polarization of both excitation and scattered photons along the composition modulation direction, the GaP-like longitudinal optical phonon redshifts by 4.0Ϯ0.5 cm Ϫ1 near the resonance with the fundamental energy gap. A comparison of the experimental data with a model calculation gives the average In composition in the In-rich region as 0.70Ϯ0.02, and the average Ga composition in the Ga-rich region as 0.68Ϯ0.02.