A novel Toll like receptor with two TIR domains (HcToll-2) is involved in regulation of antimicrobial peptide gene expression of Hyriopsis cumingii

Ren, Qian; Lan, Jiang-Feng; Zhong, Xue; Song, Xiaojun; Ma, Fei; Hui, Kai-Min; Wang, Wen; Yu, Xiao‐Qiang; Wang, Jinxing

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2014.02.020

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…They play a key role in early host defense against invading pathogens by recognizing conserved PAMPs and activating downstream signaling pathways which can induce the production of in ammatory cytokines and/or type I interferon to clear invading pathogens. Along with the TLRs identi ed in this study, TLRs have also been reported in C.gigas genome [10] and other molluscs such as the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii [39], Hyriopsis cumingii [40]. Wang et al reported that TLR6, identi ed in C.gigas, could function as an important pattern recognition receptor in the early detection and response against invading gram-negative bacteria V. anguillarum, V. splendidus, and grampositive bacteria Staphylococci aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and fungi Pichia pastoris in oysters [41].…”

Section: Toll-like Receptorssupporting

confidence: 65%

Immune Transcripts of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas Larvae that Change in Expression as a Result of Bacteria Challenge

Fang¹,

Cai²,

Mao³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Marine molluscs living in intertidal and estuarine areas, such as oysters, face numerous pathogen challenges during their development. Infection from bacteria such as Vibrio alginolyticus, represents a major factor affecting larval development and frequently leads to high mortality of the pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The oyster immune response is known to play an important role in protecting the animal during development by mitigating the consequences of infection. Results: In this study, we undertook a comprehensive analysis of the immune response of C. gigas to V. alginolyticus challenge. We sequenced the transcriptome of C. gigas at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours post infection. After RNA-seq, the raw reads are available through the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under accession number PRJNA623063. After filtering, a total of 58.24 Gb clean reads were produced and assembled using the reference genome of C. gigas. The distribution of quality Q30 was higher than 90.88% for each sample and the GC content ranged from 41.27% to 42.91%. When compared with sequences in the COG, GO, KEGG, Swiss-Prot, and NR databases, there were 1267, 1112, 2187, 682, 1133 differentially expressed genes annotated at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post infection respectively. Numerous immune-related genes displayed differential expression that varied over time: toll-like receptors, tripartite motif proteins, Lectin-like factors, scavenger receptors, signaling pathway components such as Myeloid differentiation factor 88, and stress proteins such as Heat shock 70 kDa protein were all found to be higher in abundance following V. alginolyticus challenge compared to control. For analysis, these genes were divided into several categories such as pattern recognition receptors, fibrinogen-like proteins, damage associated molecular patterns, complement factors, etc. These general categories allowed us to generate an immune response profile for C. gigas over the first 72 hours of infection. These results indicate that bacterial infection induce a complex pattern of immune gene expression in C. gigas larvae. Conclusion: Our study will facilitate targeted investigation into the function of specific immune factors that may explain the diversity and evolution of invertebrate immune molecules and lead to the development of effective measures to improve the performance of oyster culture.

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Section: Toll-like Receptorssupporting

confidence: 65%

Immune Transcripts of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas Larvae that Change in Expression as a Result of Bacteria Challenge

Fang¹,

Cai²,

Mao³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In Drosophila, the Toll signal pathway is activated by fungi and Gram-positive bacteria to regulate expression of AMPs to defend against pathogen invasion (40,41). In shrimp, the Toll pathway plays an important role in regulating AMP expression (42,43). In this report, we find that the bacterial clearance and survival rate of Mj-Dorsal-silenced shrimp infected with S. aureus had declined significantly, suggesting that the Toll pathway plays a central role in host defense against S. aureus in shrimp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Arrestins Negatively Regulate the Toll Pathway in Shrimp by Preventing Dorsal Translocation and Inhibiting Dorsal Transcriptional Activity

Sun

Lan

Shi

et al. 2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The Toll signaling pathway plays an important role in the innate immunity of Drosophila melanogaster and mammals. The activation and termination of Toll signaling are finely regulated in these animals. Although the primary components of the Toll pathway were identified in shrimp, the functions and regulation of the pathway are seldom studied. We first demonstrated that the Toll signaling pathway plays a central role in host defense against Staphylococcus aureus by regulating expression of antimicrobial peptides in shrimp. We then found that ␤-arrestins negatively regulate Toll signaling in two different ways. ␤-Arrestins interact with the C-terminal PEST domain of Cactus through the arrestin-N domain, and Cactus interacts with the RHD domain of Dorsal via the ankyrin repeats domain, forming a heterotrimeric complex of ␤-arrestin⅐Cactus⅐ Dorsal, with Cactus as the bridge. This complex prevents Cactus phosphorylation and degradation, as well as Dorsal translocation into the nucleus, thus inhibiting activation of the Toll signaling pathway. ␤-Arrestins also interact with non-phosphorylated ERK (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase) through the arrestin-C domain to inhibit ERK phosphorylation, which affects Dorsal translocation into the nucleus and phosphorylation of Dorsal at Ser 276 that impairs Dorsal transcriptional activity. Our study suggests that ␤-arrestins negatively regulate the Toll signaling pathway by preventing Dorsal translocation and inhibiting Dorsal phosphorylation and transcriptional activity.

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“…An atypical Toll‐like receptor (HcToll‐2) has been identified in the pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii (Ren et al . ). The HcToll‐2 messenger (mRNA) was detected in the hepatopancreas and is overexpressed when challenged by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus .…”

Section: New Metabolic and Molecular Research Toolsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This research is the first report of a TLR that is both atypical and involved in antibacterial immunity through the induction of AMP expression (Ren et al . ), and further investigations are needed on the presence and activity of TLRs in molluscs at different stages of their life cycle, and also their relationship to the expression of antimicrobial peptides.…”

Section: New Metabolic and Molecular Research Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life stage bottlenecks of carnivorous molluscs under captivity: a challenge for their farming and contribution to seafood production

Uriarte

Astorga

Navarro

et al. 2018

Reviews in Aquaculture

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This work brings together the view of different specialists in the areas of larviculture, physiology, ecology, nutrition and animal health, regarding how to deal with the aquaculture farming of species with complex life cycles in a multidisciplinary way, using as models the octopus and the muricid C. concholepas, with the aim of reducing the gap between the experimental and the industrial culture of species that are relevant for the diversification of aquaculture, particularly in Chile. Although these species are similar in their difficulty to reach the terminal planktonic phase prior to juvenile, they differ in the bottlenecks they have to overcome to reach it. Relevant aspects of study to achieve juvenile production from early life stages rearing, whether for repopulation or for ongrowing, are as follows: (i) Replacement or supplementation of live diets with inert diets to achieve significant survival values over the first stages of life. (ii) Physiological approaches to establish cultivation conditions evaluating the individual responses to several rearing conditions, specially the interaction between temperature, dissolved oxygen and acidity. Studies of urgent character due to the global warming scenario. (iii) Genomic studies associated with the effect of ontogenetic development, environment, health and nutrition on gene expression to understand, in an integrated way, the key processes for the development and growth of immature stages. (iv) Studies on the control of reproduction, the quality control of the ova, the genetic structure of reproductive populations and the characterization of diseases are also necessary to achieve efficient hatchery technologies.

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A novel Toll like receptor with two TIR domains (HcToll-2) is involved in regulation of antimicrobial peptide gene expression of Hyriopsis cumingii

Cited by 33 publications

References 39 publications

Immune Transcripts of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas Larvae that Change in Expression as a Result of Bacteria Challenge

Immune Transcripts of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas Larvae that Change in Expression as a Result of Bacteria Challenge

β-Arrestins Negatively Regulate the Toll Pathway in Shrimp by Preventing Dorsal Translocation and Inhibiting Dorsal Transcriptional Activity

Early life stage bottlenecks of carnivorous molluscs under captivity: a challenge for their farming and contribution to seafood production

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