A Novel Three-Polysaccharide Blend In Situ Gelling Powder for Wound Healing Applications

Abstract

In this paper, alginate/pectin and alginate/pectin/chitosan blend particles, in the form of an in situ forming hydrogel, intended for wound repair applications, have been successfully developed. Particles have been used to encapsulate doxycycline in order to control the delivery of the drug, enhance its antimicrobial properties, and the ability to inhibit host matrix metalloproteinases. The presence of chitosan in the particles strongly influenced their size, morphology, and fluid uptake properties, as well as drug encapsulation efficiency and release, due to both chemical interactions between the polymers in the blend and interactions with the drug demonstrated by FTIR studies. In vitro antimicrobial studies highlighted an increase in antibacterial activity related to the chitosan amount in the powders. Moreover, in situ gelling powders are able to induce a higher release of IL-8 from the human keratinocytes that could stimulate the wound healing process in difficult-healing. Interestingly, doxycycline-loaded particles are able to increase drug activity against MMPs, with good activity against MMP-9 even at 0.5 μg/mL over 72 h. Such results suggest that such powders rich in chitosan could be a promising dressing for exudating wounds.

Alginate-pectin microparticles loaded with nanoemulsions as nanocomposites for wound healing

“…Tetrafluoroethylene was then used to cover the edge of the hydrogel disks to avoid boundary loss [24]. This system was kept in an incubator at 37 ± 0.5 °C with a humidity of 32 ± 0.2%.…”

Alginate-pectin microparticles loaded with nanoemulsions as nanocomposites for wound healing

“…HaCaT cells are widely used to test the compatibility of wound dressings as skin consists of different types of cells: keratinocytes, melanocytes, and broblasts [45]. In a previous work, we demonstrate that AP-11 powders were not toxic in the range of 0.01-10 µg/mL [24]. In this work, we tested the concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 µg/mL to verify the possibility to use a larger amount of powders on the wound.…”

“…Tetra uoroethylene was then used to cover the edge of the hydrogel discs to avoid boundary loss [24]. This system was kept in an incubator at 37 ± 0.5°C with a humidity of 32 ± 0.2%.…”

Roles and current applications of S-nitrosoglutathione in anti-infective biomaterials

“…Despite these advantages, the clinical application of hydrogels loaded with GNSO was flawed by the time-consuming process, unmatched shapes of gels corresponding to the wounds and unsatisfactory storage stability. In contrast, in situ hydrogel-forming powders could benefit from the advantages of both hydrogels and powders, such as high storage stability, plastic shapes fitting the wound surface, application even in the bendable areas of the body, protecting the wound area from the external environment, and maintaining a moist environment by absorbing fluid and converting it to a hydrogel [ [98] , [99] , [100] ]. In addition, fluid absorption during hydrogel formation is beneficial for bacterial elimination and wound healing [ [101] , [102] , [103] ].…”