A novel three-dimensional network-based stearic acid/graphitized carbon foam composite as high-performance shape-stabilized phase change material for thermal energy storage

Continuous Dual-Scale Interpenetrating Network Carbon Foam–Stearic Acid Composite as a Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material with a Desirable Synergistic Effect

“…The fabrication process of the mixture of nano-MgO and epoxy resin was the same as that in the literature . The CF was achieved after heating the as-prepared mixture to 1600 °C at 10 °C·min –1 and maintained for 1 h under a vacuum atmosphere.…”

“…The fabrication process of the mixture of nano-MgO and epoxy resin was the same as that in the literature. 40 The CF was achieved after heating the as-prepared mixture to 1600 °C at 10 °C•min −1 and maintained for 1 h under a vacuum atmosphere. The as-prepared CF was impregnated with KOH solution (1 M) at 25 °C for 12 h and then dried at 90 °C for 6 h. Afterward, it was heated to a certain temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere at 10 °C•min −1 and maintained for 1 h. Lastly, HCl was employed to remove impurities to achieve DCFs.…”

“…38 Biomass carbon often presents a weaker affinity with organic PCMs for its amorphous structure, which would cause the phase separation from organic PCMs during the phase transition process, thus deteriorating the performances of resulting composite PCMs. A CF is an interconnected continuous three-dimensional (3D) network porous carbon material 39 which possesses advantages such as a small bulk density, outstanding mechanical property, chemical inertness, excellent thermal stability, high thermal conductivity, and significant light absorption capacity at an entire wavelength; 40,41 consequently, it has been considered as a potential ideal support material for organic PCMs. However, there also exist a series of problems in the application of CFs, which mainly include low loading capacity and poor interfacial bonding with organic PCMs.…”

A flexible phase change organohydrogel created using Pickering emulsion technology for thermoelectric conversion and temperature sensing

“…For instance, PCMs were impregnated into 3D porous scaffolds to improve the thermal conductivity and shape stability. 21–25 But these PCM-based composites are too stiff to stretch and bend, limiting their application in devices with curved surfaces. Moreover, polymeric supporting materials can encapsulate PCMs in core-shell-like capsules, addressing the leakage of PCMs.…”

Thermally Conductive and Leakage-Proof Phase-Change Materials Composed of Dense Graphene Foam and Paraffin for Thermal Management

“…Compared to 1D and 2D nanofillers, three-dimensional (3D) carbon-based porous materials with more effective heat conductive pathways exhibit the lowest interfacial thermal resistance and thus the best heat transfer efficiency. ,− Meanwhile, the interconnected porous frameworks are able to strongly absorb organic PCMs, which will improve the shape stability and ensure a large thermal energy storage capability of the resulting CPCMs . To date, various 3D carbon-based porous architectures (e.g., sponge, − scaffold, − foam, − and aerogel − ) have been developed as supporting materials of the CPCMs by directly assembling their 1D/2D building blocks with/without polymer linkers via several chemical related techniques such as freeze-drying and hydrothermal/solvothermal processes. Although some of the achieved 3D architectures exhibit a good thermally conductive network, they usually suffer from several drawbacks such as various kinds of defects resulting from chemical related processes, random and/or nonuniform distribution of the structure and pore size, porosity, and unavoidable chemical residuals within the 3D carbon network, all of which are detrimental to phonon transmission.…”