A novel thin film nanocomposite reverse osmosis membrane with superior anti-organic fouling affinity for water desalination

80,000h operational experience and performance analysis of a brackish water reverse osmosis desalination plant. Assessment of membrane replacement cost

“…Two decades ago, an operating time between 5 and 6 years was reasonable for thin film composite (TFC) BW membranes [14]. Thanks to new advances in BW membrane technology [15][16][17][18][19] it might be possible to extend the operating life of the membrane. The aim of this paper is to assess the progression of the operating data [20] and the energy consumption of a desalination plant in the Canary Islands for agricultural irrigation purposes to know if it would have been more appropriate from an economic point of view to replace the membranes before the 80,000 operating hours.…”

Super hydrophilic TiO2/HNT nanocomposites as a new approach for fabrication of high performance thin film nanocomposite membranes for FO application

“…For instance, the application of FO process using asymmetric triacetate (CTA) membranes from Hydration Technology Inc. (HTI) has been limited due to their relatively low water permeability and salt rejection [9]. To overcome this problem, a novel type of composite membrane known as thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane can be the solution to improve not only membrane water permeability but also anti-fouling resistance [10,11]. Embedding appropriate quantity of hydrophilic nanomaterials in to PA layer is reportedly able to improve characteristics of polyamide (PA) selective layer without compromising salt separation efficiency [9].…”

Minimizing structural parameter of thin film composite forward osmosis membranes using polysulfone/halloysite nanotubes as membrane substrates

“…It has been proven that the conventional wastewater recovery methods are not environmentally friendly and have detrimental effects on eco-system health [1,2]. In this regard, forward osmosis (FO) has proven to be a promising water purification and desalination technique that could overcome major challenges of today's water recovery industry [3,4]. Contrary to reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes, which function based on the hydraulic pressure difference, FO recovers fresh water from the feed by creating the osmotic pressure differential that drives water across a semi-permeable membrane [5,6].…”