A novel thin-film electrochemical device for energy conversionCuO

Dyer, C. K.

doi:10.1038/343547a0

Cited by 111 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…Dyer [38] also suggested that his thin-film, light-weight device working in a gas mixture could simplify fuel cell designs and enable the low-cost fabrication of small systems. The fabrication of cell stacks with a spiral assembly of two single cells connected in parallel [41] and series connection of planar single cells [42] was patented.…”

Section: Dyer's Room-temperature Single-chamber Fuel Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a variation of Dyer's single-chamber fuel cell [38], Riess et al [70] suggested a simplified cell structure with a thin, porous electrolyte on a conductive substrate in a flow-through configuration. Such a supported mixed-gas fuel cell (S-MGFC) was experimentally shown to enable the generation of an OCV [10,11,71].…”

Section: Flow-through Fully-porous Sc-sofcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1990, when using hydrogen that was accidentally contaminated with oxygen, Dyer [37][38][39] fabricated a fuel cell operating in a H 2 -O 2 mixture at room temperature with voltages exceeding 1 V and a power density of 1-5 mW·cm −2 . His device consisted of thin-films of a dense platinum electrode sputtered on a quartz substrate, a sputtered gas-permeable boehmite (-AlOOH) membrane and finally a porous, gas-permeable Pt electrode sputtered on top of the device (Figure 2).…”

Section: Dyer's Room-temperature Single-chamber Fuel Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single-Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology—From Its Origins to Today’s State of the Art

2010

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Abstract:In single-chamber solid oxide fuel cells (SC-SOFCs), both anode and cathode are situated in a common gas chamber and are exposed to a mixture of fuel and oxidant. The working principle is based on the difference in catalytic activity of the electrodes for the respective anodic and cathodic reactions. The resulting difference in oxygen partial pressure between the electrodes leads to the generation of an open circuit voltage. Progress in SC-SOFC technology has enabled the generation of power outputs comparable to those of conventional SOFCs. This paper provides a detailed review of the development of SC-SOFC technology.

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Section: Dyer's Room-temperature Single-chamber Fuel Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flow-through Fully-porous Sc-sofcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dyer's Room-temperature Single-chamber Fuel Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single-Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology—From Its Origins to Today’s State of the Art

2010

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“…[6][7][8][9][10][11] An example from Dyer 6 used a mixture of O 2 and H 2 ; another, by Willner et al, 9,10 was a biofuel cell with enzymes as catalysts. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a single cell.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Membraneless Vanadium Redox Fuel Cell Using Laminar Flow

et al. 2002

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This communication describes a small redox fuel cell fabricated using a design that omits the membrane normally used to separate anodic and cathodic compartments. This design exploits the laminar flow 1 that occurs in liquids flowing at low Reynolds number (Re) to eliminate convective mixing of fuels. Two separate streamsone oxidizing and one reducing -flow parallel to one another through the channel, and no membrane is needed to separate these streams (only diffusive exchange occurs across the interface between them). We demonstrate this concept by operating a millimeter-scale redox fuel cell that uses the redox couples V(V)/V(IV) (cathodic compartment) and V(III)/V(II) (anodic compartment) [2][3][4][5] and that presents no added mechanical nor electrical resistance between the two aqueous solutions.Previous work on fuel cells that do not require a membrane has used selective catalysts or enzymes to restrict reactions of oxidant and reductant present in a mixture to the appropriate electrode. [6][7][8][9][10][11] An example from Dyer 6 used a mixture of O 2 and H 2 ; another, by Willner et al., 9,10 was a biofuel cell with enzymes as catalysts. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a single cell. We used soft lithography to fabricate a channel with two inlets and one outlet either in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) using soft lithography (for thick channels: h ≈ 200 µm) or in SU-8 photoresist using conventional lithography (for thin channels: h ≈ 50 µm); 12,13 details of fabrication are given in the Supporting Information. We used graphite rather than metals as the electrodes to reduce electrolysis of water during the operation of the cell. 14 The vanadium system has two redox couples with a large difference in formal potentials, ∼1.0 V/NHE for V(V)/V(IV) (as VO 2 + /VO 2+ ) and -0.25 V/NHE for V(III)/V(II). 15 We prepared these two redox species by electrolyzing an ∼1 M solution of VOSO 4 in 25% H 2 SO 4 in two half-cells separated by a Nafion membrane. (The concentrations used in the fluidic fuel cell were ∼1 M for both V(V) and V(II), and 10 -3 M for V(III) and V(IV)). When the V(V) and V(II) solutions were flowing at 25 µL s -1 in the channel, the cell generated a maximum open-circuit voltage (i.e., the potential when no net current was flowing) of 1.52 V in a 200-µm thick membraneless structure; it generated 1.59 V in a 50-µm thick system at a flow rate of 0.07 µL s -1 . 16 These voltages are approximately 90% of the experimental value (1.67 V) obtained using two platinum wires separated by a membrane in a twoelectrode configuration. The permeation of O 2 through the PDMS slab is sufficiently slow, as compared to the residence time of the solution in the channel, that it does not affect the open-circuit potential.As the two half-cells of the fuel cell are not physically separated by a membrane, they are defined only by the laminar flow of the two streams of fuel. For two fluids with the same viscosity (the case for our two solutions) and flow rate, the interface between the two miscible aqueous ...

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“…Este tipo de pilas de combustible basadas en una sola cámara han sido propuestas en estos últimos años por varios investigadores (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). La principal diferencia entre las pilas de combustible de una sola cámara y las convencionales de dos cámaras es que en las primeras los electrodos están simultáneamente en contacto con el combustible (hidrocarburo, alcohol, hidrógeno...) y el aire por encima del límite superior de inflamabilidad.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Pilas de combustible de una sola cámara soportadas sobre el ánodo y basadas en electrolitos de ceria dopada con gadolinia

Morales¹,

Piñol²,

Espiell³

2008

Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidr.

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La utilización de electrolitos soportados en el ánodo es una estrategia muy útil para mejorar las propiedades eléctricas de las pilas de combustible de óxido sólido, debido a que permiten disminuir considerablemente el espesor de los electrolitos. Para este trabajo, se han preparado exitosamente pilas de combustible de óxido sólido con electrolitos de ceria dopada con Gd, Ce 1-x Gd x O 2-y (CGO) soportados sobre un ánodo formado por un cermet de Ni/CGO. Dichas pilas se han instalado y caracterizado en un reactor de una sola cámara donde se ha hecho circular una mezcla de propano y aire. Para ello, se han preparado mezclas de polvos de NiO y de ceria dopada con gadolinia, con diferentes composiciones y tamaño de partículas, para obtener los ánodos con porosidades apropiadas y así utilizarlos como soporte del electrolito en las pilas. Los polvos de los electrolitos de CGO se han preparado por la técnica sol-gel y se han depositado por "dip coating" con diferentes espesores (15-30 μm) utilizando una tinta preparada a partir de partículas nanométricas dispersadas en una resina comercial. Los cátodos de La 1-x Sr x CoO 3-S (LSCO) se han preparado también por la técnica sol-gel y se han depositado sobre la capa fina del electrolito. Finalmente, las propiedades eléctricas se han determinado en un reactor de una sola cámara dónde el propano se ha mezclado con aire sintético por encima del límite superior de inflamabilidad. En estas condiciones experimentales se han obtenido altas densidades de potencia estables, controlando las velocidades de flujo total de gas transportador y la presión parcial de propano.Palabras clave: SOFC, monocámara, ceria, cobaltita, propano. anode-supported single-chamber SOFCs based on gadolinia doped ceria electrolytesThe utilization of anode supported electrolytes is a useful strategy to increase the electrical properties of the solid oxide fuel cells, because it is possible to decrease considerably the thickness of the electrolytes. We have prepared successfully singlechamber fuel cells of gadolinia doped ceria electrolytes Ce 1-x Gd x O 2-y (CGO) supported on an anode formed by a cermet of Ni-CGO. Mixtures of precursor powders of NiO and gadolinium doped ceria with different particle sizes and compositions were analyzed to obtain optimal bulk porous anodes to be used as anode supported fuel cells. Doped ceria electrolytes were prepared by sol-gel related techniques. Then, ceria based electrolytes were deposited by dip coating at different thickness (15-30 μm) using an ink prepared with nanometric powders of electrolytes dispersed in a commercial liquid polymer. Cathodes of La 1-x Sr x CoO 3-S (LSCO) were also prepared by sol-gel related techniques and were deposited by dip coating on the electrolyte thick films. Finally, electrical properties were determined in a single-chamber reactor where propane as fuel was mixed with synthetic air above the higher explosive limit. Stable density currents were obtained in these experimental conditions, but flow rates of the carrier gas and propane parti...

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A novel thin-film electrochemical device for energy conversionCuO

Cited by 111 publications

References 5 publications

Single-Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology—From Its Origins to Today’s State of the Art

Single-Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology—From Its Origins to Today’s State of the Art

Membraneless Vanadium Redox Fuel Cell Using Laminar Flow

Pilas de combustible de una sola cámara soportadas sobre el ánodo y basadas en electrolitos de ceria dopada con gadolinia

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