A novel thermophilic exochitinase ChiEn3 from Coprinopsis cinerea exhibits a hyperhydrolytic activity toward 85% deacetylated chitosan and a significant application to preparation of chitooligosaccharides from the chitosan

Zhou, Jinhua; Dai, Rujuan; Wang, Yanxin; Li, Maomao; Zhu, Yiting; Chen, Lingling; Kang, Liqin; Liu, Zhonghua; Yang, Yao; Yuan, Sheng

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.047

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It was obvious that %DD of αand β-chitosan were significantly positively correlated with the superoxide radical scavenging activities of chitosan, while the MWs of αand β-chitosan were significantly negatively correlated with the superoxide radical scavenging activities of chitosan. Previous reports showed that enzyme partially degraded products of chitosan with low MW had higher antioxidant activity than chitosan with high MW [11]. High MW chitosan has compact structure due to the stronger hydrogen bonds, which weakens the activity of the hydroxyl and amino groups.…”

Section: Superoxide Radical Scavenging Activities Of Chitosan and Chimentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Polymers 2019, 11,2010 6 of 16 transformed into nanoparticles. The peak near 10° suddenly disappeared, while the peak near 20° became broad and weaker, indicating an amorphous state of their crystalline structures and a substantial reduction of intramolecular hydrogen bonds [22,23,33].…”

Section: Crystalline Structure Of Chitosan and Chitosan Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It could be concluded that αand β-chitosan nanoparticles had superior superoxide radical scavenging abilities than raw chitosan samples.affect their antioxidant activity [7,8]. The antioxidant activities of chitosan have been extensively studied both in vitro and in vivo using different methodologies and are reported to be correlated to its structural characteristics such as degree of deacetylation (%DD), molecular weight (MW), as well as the source of the material [9][10][11]. The physicochemical properties of chitosan end products can be modulated by controlling factors such as chitin source of origin, reaction conditions (concentration, ratios of chitin to alkali, temperature), and extent of the reaction.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Impact of Crystalline Structural Differences Between α- and β-Chitosan on Their Nanoparticle Formation Via Ionic Gelation and Superoxide Radical Scavenging Activities

2019

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α- and β-Chitosan nanoparticles were obtained from shrimp shell and squid pen chitosan with different set of deacetylation degree (%DD) and molecular weight (MW) combinations. After nanoparticle formation via ionic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), the % crystallinity index (%CI) of the α- and β-chitosan nanoparticles were reduced to approximately 33% and 43% of the initial %CI of the corresponding α- and β-chitosan raw samples, respectively. Both forms of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles scavenged superoxide radicals in a dose-dependent manner. The %CI of α- and β-chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles was significantly negatively correlated with superoxide radical scavenging abilities over the range of concentration (0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mg/mL) studied. High %DD, and low MW β-chitosan exhibited the highest superoxide radical scavenging activity (p < 0.05). α- and β-Chitosan nanoparticles prepared from high %DD and low MW chitosan demonstrated the highest abilities to scavenge superoxide radicals at 2.0–3.0 mg/mL (p < 0.05), whereas α-chitosan nanoparticles, with the lowest %CI, and smallest particle size (p < 0.05), prepared from medium %DD, and medium MW chitosan showed the highest abilities to scavenge superoxide radicals at 0.5–1.0 mg/mL (p < 0.05). It could be concluded that α- and β-chitosan nanoparticles had superior superoxide radical scavenging abilities than raw chitosan samples.

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Section: Superoxide Radical Scavenging Activities Of Chitosan and Chimentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Crystalline Structure Of Chitosan and Chitosan Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Crystalline Structural Differences Between α- and β-Chitosan on Their Nanoparticle Formation Via Ionic Gelation and Superoxide Radical Scavenging Activities

2019

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“…Chitinases ChiIII, ChiEn1, ChiB1, ChiE1, and ChiEn3 were prepared according to previous reports (17,(25)(26)(27)(28). Chitinase activity and protein amount were analyzed as described in Niu et al (17).…”

Section: Chemicals and Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(C) Western blotting of the amount of chitinase ChiE1 (C1) and ChiIII (C2) in the wall extracts from stipe fragments of different stipe regions (n ϭ 15 to 30) during the development of C. cinerea fruiting bodies. purified, and characterized a class III endochitinase, ChiIII (17), a class V exochitinase, ChiE1 (27), and three chitinases annotated as endochitinases in the C. cinerea genome (18), ChiEn1 (25), ChiEn2 (GenBank accession number EAU81455.1), and ChiEn3 (28). The other two chitinases, an annotated endochitinase, ChiEn4 (accession no.…”

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Chitinases Play a Key Role in Stipe Cell Wall Extension in the Mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea

Zhou

Kang

Liu

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The elongation growth of the mushroom stipe is a characteristic but not well-understood morphogenetic event of basidiomycetes. We found that extending native stipe cell walls of Coprinopsis cinerea were associated with the release of N-acetylglucosamine and chitinbiose and with chitinase activity. Two chitinases among all detected chitinases from C. cinerea, ChiE1 and ChiIII, reconstituted heatinactivated stipe wall extension and released N-acetylglucosamine and chitinbiose. Interestingly, both ChiE1 and ChiIII hydrolyze insoluble crystalline chitin powder, while other C. cinerea chitinases do not, suggesting that crystalline chitin components of the stipe cell wall are the target of action for ChiE1 and ChiIII. ChiE1-or ChiIII-reconstituted heat-inactivated stipe walls showed maximal extension activity at pH 4.5, consistent with the optimal pH for native stipe wall extension in vitro; ChiE1or ChiIII-reconstituted heat-inactivated stipe wall extension activities were associated with stipe elongation growth regions; and the combination of ChiE1 and ChiIII showed a synergism to reconstitute heat-inactivated stipe wall extension at a low action concentration. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed that the inner surface of acid-induced extended native stipe cell walls and ChiE1-or ChiIII-reconstituted extended heat-inactivated stipe cell walls exhibited a partially broken parallel microfibril architecture; however, these broken transversely arranged microfibrils were not observed in the unextended stipe cell walls that were induced by neutral pH buffer or heat inactivation. Double knockdown of ChiE1 and ChiIII resulted in the reduction of stipe elongation, mycelium growth, and heatsensitive cell wall extension of native stipes. These results indicate a chitinasehydrolyzing mechanism for stipe cell wall extension. IMPORTANCE A remarkable feature in the development of basidiomycete fruiting bodies is stipe elongation growth that results primarily from manifold cell elongation. Some scientists have suggested that stipe elongation is the result of enzymatic hydrolysis of cell wall polysaccharides, while other scientists have proposed the possibility that stipe elongation results from nonhydrolytic disruption of the hydrogen bonds between cell wall polysaccharides. Here, we show direct evidence for a chitinase-hydrolyzing mechanism of stipe cell wall elongation in the model mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea that is different from the expansin nonhydrolysis mechanism of plant cell wall extension. We presumed that in the growing stipe cell walls, parallel chitin microfibrils are tethered by ␤-1,6-branched ␤-1,3-glucans, and that the breaking of the tether by chitinases leads to separation of these microfibrils to increase their spacing for insertion of new synthesized chitin and ␤-1,3-glucans under turgor pressure in vivo.O ne of the remarkable characteristics of the development of basidiomycete fruiting bodies is stipe elongation growth that results primarily from manifold cell elongation (1-5). The ...

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Physicochemical and biological properties of chitosan derivatives with varying molecular weight produced by chemical depolymerization

Affes

Aranaz

Acosta

et al. 2022

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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A novel thermophilic exochitinase ChiEn3 from Coprinopsis cinerea exhibits a hyperhydrolytic activity toward 85% deacetylated chitosan and a significant application to preparation of chitooligosaccharides from the chitosan

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Impact of Crystalline Structural Differences Between α- and β-Chitosan on Their Nanoparticle Formation Via Ionic Gelation and Superoxide Radical Scavenging Activities

Impact of Crystalline Structural Differences Between α- and β-Chitosan on Their Nanoparticle Formation Via Ionic Gelation and Superoxide Radical Scavenging Activities

Chitinases Play a Key Role in Stipe Cell Wall Extension in the Mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea

Physicochemical and biological properties of chitosan derivatives with varying molecular weight produced by chemical depolymerization

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