A novel technique for monitoring the development of bacterial biofilms in human periodontal pockets

Wecke, J

doi:10.1016/s0378-1097(00)00376-1

Cited by 37 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The importance of smallmolecule transporters for substrates that were not provided in the feed-stock suggests that cross-feeding was important for competitiveness within a heterogeneous biofilm. This work therefore presents unique genetic evidence demonstrating the physiological diversity required for competitiveness in a biofilm, but is consistent with previous predictions based on direct chemical measurements (Costerton et al, 1995;Schramm et al, 1999a, b;Wecke et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Global analysis of candidate genes important for fitness in a competitive biofilm using DNA-array-based transposon mapping

Junker

Peters

2006

Microbiology

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Escherichia coli strain PHL628 was subjected to saturating Tn5 transposon mutagenesis and then grown under competitive planktonic or biofilm conditions. The locations of transposon insertions from the remaining cells were then mapped on a gene array. The results from the array mapping indicated that 4?5 % of the E. coli genome was important under these conditions. Specifically, 114 genes were identified as important for the biofilm lifestyle, whereas 80 genes were important for the planktonic lifestyle. Four broad functional categories were identified as biofilm-important. These included genes encoding cell structures, small-molecule transport, energy metabolism and regulatory functions. For one of these genes, arcA, an insertion mutant was generated and its biofilm-related phenotype was examined. Results from both the transposon array and insertion mutagenesis indicated that arcA, which is known to be a negative response regulator of genes in aerobic pathways, was important for competitiveness in E. coli PHL628 biofilms. This work also demonstrated that ligation-mediated PCR, coupled with array-based transposon mapping, was an effective tool for identifying a large variety of candidate genes that are important for biofilm fitness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Global analysis of candidate genes important for fitness in a competitive biofilm using DNA-array-based transposon mapping

Junker

Peters

2006

Microbiology

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“…One model system involves three different materials placed into periodontal pockets of patients with rapidly progressing clinical periodontitis (151). A membrane of polytetrafluoroethylene (a material used to cover superficial defects after surgery that can be colonized by plaque bacteria), gold foil (for scanning electron microscopy), and dentin were used.…”

Section: In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication among Oral Bacteria

Kolenbrander

Andersen

Blehert

et al. 2002

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

843

745

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Human oral bacteria interact with their environment by attaching to surfaces and establishing mixed-species communities. As each bacterial cell attaches, it forms a new surface to which other cells can adhere. Adherence and community development are spatiotemporal; such order requires communication. The discovery of soluble signals, such as autoinducer-2, that may be exchanged within multispecies communities to convey information between organisms has emerged as a new research direction. Direct-contact signals, such as adhesins and receptors, that elicit changes in gene expression after cell-cell contact and biofilm growth are also an active research area. Considering that the majority of oral bacteria are organized in dense three-dimensional biofilms on teeth, confocal microscopy and fluorescently labeled probes provide valuable approaches for investigating the architecture of these organized communities in situ. Oral biofilms are readily accessible to microbiologists and are excellent model systems for studies of microbial communication. One attractive model system is a saliva-coated flowcell with oral bacterial biofilms growing on saliva as the sole nutrient source; an intergeneric mutualism is discussed. Several oral bacterial species are amenable to genetic manipulation for molecular characterization of communication both among bacteria and between bacteria and the host. A successful search for genes critical for mixed-species community organization will be accomplished only when it is conducted with mixed-species communities

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“…This obstacle has only recently been overcome when entire teeth affected by advanced periodontitis were extracted without disturbance of the adherent subgingival biofilm and -after immediate fixation and processing to serial sections of 2 μm thickness -were stained by FISH using various combinations of group-and species-specific rRNA probes and studied by epifluorescence or confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) [23]. A way to investigate in situ subgingival biofilm formation without the loss of the tooth under study was developed by Wecke et al [24], and over the last few years has been refined and applied in several studies [25][26][27]. This procedure uses gold foil or small plastic carriers covered with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes, which are inserted to the depth of the periodontal pockets for defined periods of time and then processed similarly to extracted teeth.…”

Section: Methods To Study Subgingival Biofilm Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Subgingival Biofilm Structure

Zijnge

Ammann

Thurnheer

et al. 2011

Frontiers of Oral Biology

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Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the oral cavity initiated by a microbial biofilm (or 'dental plaque'). Subgingival biofilms in periodontal pockets are not easily analyzed without the loss of structural integrity. These subgingival plaques are structured communities of microorganisms with great phylogenetic diversity embedded in a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix. For almost three decades, knowledge of the structure of plaque located below the gingival margin has been limited to landmark studies from the 1970s that were unaware of the breadth of microbial diversity we appreciate now. Only recently has technical progress -combining histology, confocal scanning fluorescent microscopy and fluorescent in situ hybridization to localize the most abundant species from different phyla and species associated with periodontitis -provided new insights into the architecture of subgingival biofilms. This review focuses on the structure and composition of subgingival biofilms and discusses current knowledge on the nature of the extracellular matrix. We describe further structural aspects of 'subgingival' biofilms produced in vitro that are gaining considerable interest as we search for models to investigate biofilm development, resistance to antibiotics, extracellular polymeric matrix composition and function, and reciprocal host-cell-to-biofilm interactions. AbstractPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the oral cavity initiated by a microbial biofilm (or 'dental plaque'). Subgingival biofilms in periodontal pockets are not easily analyzed without the loss of structural integrity. These subgingival plaques are structured communities of microorganisms with great phylogenetic diversity embedded in a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix. For almost three decades, knowledge of the structure of plaque located below the gingival margin has been limited to landmark studies from the 1970s that were unaware of the breadth of microbial diversity we appreciate now. Only recently has technical progress -combining histology, confocal scanning fluorescent microscopy and fluorescent in situ hybridization to localize the most abundant species from different phyla and species associated with periodontitis -provided new insights into the architecture of subgingival biofilms. This review focuses on the structure and composition of subgingival biofilms and discusses current knowledge on the nature of the extracellular matrix. We describe further structural aspects of 'subgingival' biofilms produced in vitro that are gaining considerable interest as we search for models to investigate biofilm development, resistance to antibiotics, extracellular polymeric matrix composition and function, and reciprocal host-cell-to-biofilm interactions.

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A novel technique for monitoring the development of bacterial biofilms in human periodontal pockets

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Global analysis of candidate genes important for fitness in a competitive biofilm using DNA-array-based transposon mapping

Global analysis of candidate genes important for fitness in a competitive biofilm using DNA-array-based transposon mapping

Communication among Oral Bacteria

Subgingival Biofilm Structure

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