A Novel Tangential Electric-Field Sensor Based on Electric Dipole and Integrated Balun for the Near-Field Measurement Covering GPS Band

Abstract

This paper presents a novel tangential electric-field sensor with an embedded integrated balun for sensing up a tangential electric field over a circuit surface in the near-field measurements covering the GPS band. The integrated balun is embedded into the sensor to transform the differential voltage induced by the electric dipole into the single output voltage. The measurement system with a high mechanical resolution for the characterizations and tests of the sensor is detailed in this paper. The frequency response of the sensor characterized by a microstrip line from 1.35 GHz to 1.85 GHz (covering the GPS band) is rather flat. The rejection to the magnetic field of the sensor is up to 20.1 dB. The applications and validations of the sensor are conducted through passive/active circuit measurements.

A compact high‐sensitivity tangential E‐probe with resonator and coupled balun

“…In order to demonstrate the performance of the tangential E-probe with resonator and coupled balun proposed in the paper, a conventional broadband tangential E-probe published in [7] is used to compare. Figure 5a is the physical picture of this probe.…”

“…Much effort has been devoted to studying the normal E‐field probe [4–6], such as how to design the miniaturized probe and improve the working frequency band of probe for wideband measurements, but less attention has been paid to the probe detecting the tangential component of E‐field. Yan proposed a broadband tangential E‐probe loaded with electric dipole and integrated balun for the near‐field measurement covering the global positioning system band [7]. The probe proposed in [7] is a broadband probe without resonant structure, but in this paper, a high‐sensitivity resonant probe is designed, which has higher sensitivity than the broadband probe [7] and the designed probe can detect interference sources in a weaker electromagnetic environment.…”

“…Yan proposed a broadband tangential E‐probe loaded with electric dipole and integrated balun for the near‐field measurement covering the global positioning system band [7]. The probe proposed in [7] is a broadband probe without resonant structure, but in this paper, a high‐sensitivity resonant probe is designed, which has higher sensitivity than the broadband probe [7] and the designed probe can detect interference sources in a weaker electromagnetic environment. A resonant tangential E‐probe [10] has high sensitivity for sensing up the weak electric field.…”

Navigation Algorithm Based on the Boundary Line of Tillage Soil Combined with Guided Filtering and Improved Anti-Noise Morphology

“…Agricultural machinery [1] automatic navigation systems are a key part of smart tractors [2] for implementing precision agriculture, which can free drivers from boring work, as well as improve the work quality. A global positioning technique using GPS or GNSS [3,4,5] is applied for the automatic navigation of unmanned tractors during tillage operation in the field to obtain absolute geographic coordinates dynamically, whereas the navigation precision is heavily influenced by the inclination angle of the field surface, meteorological conditions, and the strength of the satellite navigation signal, especially in remote areas. Inertial sensors [6,7], which have a large error in long-distance navigation, can only be used as compensation for short-range position correction.…”

Navigation Algorithm Based on the Boundary Line of New & Old Soil Using Improved Anti-Noise Morphology

“…Agricultural machinery [1] automatic navigation system is a key part of the smart tractor [2] for implementing precision agriculture which can free drivers from the boring work as well as improve the work quality. Global positioning technique by using GPS or GNSS [3][4][5] is applied to automatic navigation of unmanned tractors during tillage operation in the field to obtain absolute geographic coordinates dynamically, whereas the navigation precision is heavily influenced by the inclination angle of the field surface, meteorological condition and the strength of satellite navigation signal especially in remote areas. Inertial sensors [6,7] which have a large error in long-distance navigation can only be used as compensation for short-range position correction.…”