A novel synthesis of trans-unsaturated fatty acids by the Gram-positive commensal bacterium Enterococcus faecalis FA2-2

Kondakova, Tatiana; Kumar, Sneha; Cronan, John E.

doi:10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.04.010

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This analysis showed that proteins orthologous to Cti would only be found in Gram-negative bacteria, and that the Cti family is divided into three major groups: Pseudomonas, Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas. About 50% amino acid sequence identity exists between the Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio groups, whereas the Pseudomonas group had only 35-38% sequence identity with the Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio groups [68].…”

Section: Distribution Of the Cis-trans Isomerase Of Ufa In The Bacterial Kingdommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of the Cti protein distribution in the bacterial kingdom revealed that only 5.5% of the sequenced bacterial strains would have proteins orthologous to Cti from P. putida F1 [68]. Most of these bacteria are present in marine environments with high osmolarity environments contaminated by hydrocarbons, heavy metals, or other toxic compounds, suggesting that the environment could be a major factor driving the distribution of Cti [68]. This analysis showed that proteins orthologous to Cti would only be found in Gram-negative bacteria, and that the Cti family is divided into three major groups: Pseudomonas, Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas.…”

Section: Distribution Of the Cis-trans Isomerase Of Ufa In The Bacterial Kingdommentioning

confidence: 99%

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The bacterial protective armor against stress: The cis-trans isomerase of unsaturated fatty acids, a cytochrome-c type enzyme

Mauger

Ferreri

Chatgilialoglu

et al. 2021

Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry

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Section: Distribution Of the Cis-trans Isomerase Of Ufa In The Bacterial Kingdommentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distribution Of the Cis-trans Isomerase Of Ufa In The Bacterial Kingdommentioning

confidence: 99%

The bacterial protective armor against stress: The cis-trans isomerase of unsaturated fatty acids, a cytochrome-c type enzyme

Mauger

Ferreri

Chatgilialoglu

et al. 2021

Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry

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“…Detailed fatty acid compositions determined by GC-MS. ND, denotes not detected. The spot migrating above the C18:1 spot is the trace of trans-9-hexadecenoic acid (1.6% of total fatty acids) synthesized by this bacterium (Kondakova et al, 2019). [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] As mentioned above E. coli and E. faecalis experience a similar range of environments and abrupt environmental disturbances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature regulation of membrane composition in the Firmicute, Enterococcus faecalis, parallels that of Escherichia coli

Dong

Cronan

2021

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Both Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli can undergo abrupt temperature transitions in nature. E. coli changes the composition of its phospholipid acyl chains in response to shifts growth temperature. This is mediated by a naturally temperature sensitive enzyme, FabF (3‐ketoacyl‐acyl carrier protein synthase II), that elongates the 16 carbon unsaturated acyl chain palmitoleate to the 18 carbon unsaturated acyl chain, cis‐vaccenate. FabF is more active at low temperatures resulting in increased incorporation of cis‐vaccenoyl acyl chains into the membrane phospholipids. This response to temperature is an intrinsic property of FabF and does not require increased synthesis of the enzyme. We report that the FabF of the very divergent bacterium, E. faecalis, has properties very similar to E. coli FabF and is responsible for changing E. faecalis membrane phospholipid acyl chain composition in response to temperature. Moreover, expression E. faecalis FabF in an E. coli ∆fabF strain restores temperature regulation to the E. coli strain.

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“…Additionally, E. faecalis and numerous other bacteria encode a cyclopropane fatty acid synthase (Cfa), which catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from Sadenosyl-L-methionine to the double bond of a lipid chain, thereby forming a cyclopropane ring (4). Recent studies uncovered that E. faecalis also synthesizes trans-UFA, further expanding the variety of fatty acids produced by this bacterium (5). Both cyclopropane and trans fatty acids are more rigid than their non-modified substrates, and contribute to E. faecalis membrane homeostasis in starvation and stress conditions (6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type II Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway and Cyclopropane Ring Formation Are Dispensable during Enterococcus faecalis Systemic Infection

et al. 2021

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Enterococcus faecalis , a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterium, has emerged as a serious nosocomial pathogen. Here, we used a genetic approach to characterize the strategies used by E. faecalis to fulfill its requirements for endogenous fatty acid (FA) synthesis in vitro and in vivo . The FA synthesis (FASII) pathway is encoded by two operons and two monocistronic genes. Expression of all these genes is repressed by exogenous FAs, which are incorporated in the E. faecalis membrane and modify its composition. Deletion of nine genes of the 12-gene operon abolished growth in a FA-free medium. Addition of serum, which is lipid-rich, restored growth. Interestingly, the E. faecalis membrane contains cyclic fatty acids that modify membrane properties, but are unavailable in host serum. The cfa gene that encodes the cyclopropanation process, is located in a locus independent of the FASII genes. Its deletion did not alter growth under the conditions tested, but yielded bacteria devoid of cyclic FAs. No differences were observed between mice infected with wild-type, or FASII or cyclopropanation mutant strains, in terms of bacterial loads in blood, liver, spleen or kidneys. We conclude that in E. faecalis , neither FASII nor cyclopropanation enzymes are suitable antibiotic targets. Importance Membrane lipid homeostasis is crucial for bacterial physiology, adaptation, and virulence. Fatty acids are constituents of the phospholipids that are essential membrane components. Most bacteria incorporate exogenous fatty acids into their membranes. Enterococcus faecalis has emerged as a serious nosocomial pathogen, which is responsible for urinary tract infections, bacteremia and endocarditis, and is intrinsically resistant to numerous antibiotics. E. faecalis synthesizes saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, but also cyclic fatty acids that are not found in the human host. We characterized mutant strains deficient in fatty acid synthesis and modification using genetic, biochemical, and in vivo approaches. We conclude that neither the fatty acid synthesis pathway nor the cyclopropanation enzyme are suitable targets for E. faecalis antibiotic development.

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A novel synthesis of trans-unsaturated fatty acids by the Gram-positive commensal bacterium Enterococcus faecalis FA2-2

Cited by 9 publications

References 58 publications

The bacterial protective armor against stress: The cis-trans isomerase of unsaturated fatty acids, a cytochrome-c type enzyme

The bacterial protective armor against stress: The cis-trans isomerase of unsaturated fatty acids, a cytochrome-c type enzyme

Temperature regulation of membrane composition in the Firmicute, Enterococcus faecalis, parallels that of Escherichia coli

Type II Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway and Cyclopropane Ring Formation Are Dispensable during Enterococcus faecalis Systemic Infection

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