The
periosteum is rich in vascular networks, osteoprogenitor cells,
and stem cells and plays an important role in bone defect repair.
However, existing artificial periosteum materials still have difficulty
in meeting clinical requirements, such as good mechanical properties
and bionic structure construction, osteogenic differentiation, and
vascularization capabilities. Here, a poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL)/whitlockite
(WH, 5, 10, 15 wt %) artificial periosteum with different doping amounts
was prepared by electrospinning technology. According to the results
of in vitro mineralization experiments, the rapid
ion release from WH promotes the deposition of mineralized hydroxyapatite.
Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, in vitro angiogenesis, and cell migration experiments showed
that the bionic periosteum of the 15% WH group had the best release
rate of Mg2+ and the best ability to promote the human
umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis and migration. In addition,
this group promoted collagen formation and calcium deposition. Finally,
the subcutaneous implantation model was used to verify the biocompatibility
and angiogenesis ability of the proposed membrane in vivo. Overall, this biomimetic PCL/WH nanofiber membrane combines the
positive osteogenic differentiation ability and angiogenic ability
of calcium phosphate materials and thus has good application prospects
in the field of periosteal repair in the future.