A Novel Study of the Interrelationship of Seasonality, Satellite Data and Weed Compositional Changes of the Agro-Ecological System of Gujrat, Pakistan

Species distribution modelling of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC.: Present distribution and impacts of potential climate change

“…These include HSC-5 (Very high habitat suitability class: p > 0.8), HSC-4 (high habitat suitability class: p > 0.6–≤0.8), HSC-3 (moderate habitat suitability class: p > 0.4–≤0.6), HSC-2 (least habitat suitability class: p > 0.2–≤0.4), and HSC-1 (no habitat suitability class: p < 0.2). The use of such equal-sized prediction probability classes is relatively more intuitive, especially when comparing future prediction maps showing pairwise HSCs inter-conversions [ 36 ]. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test was performed to seek the significant difference among the five groups (current and four future climate change options).…”

A First Ever Detailed Ecological Exploration of the Western Himalayan Forests of Sudhan Gali and Ganga Summit, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

“…A total of 36 species with 21 IS and 17 SIS species were recorded in this group. The average species count was 23.50 ± 3.08 (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29) for this association, and was highest as compared to all other associations but least β-diversity (mean Euclidean distance: 47.8) value depicting the homogeneity and least compositional dissimilarity amongst the studied samples (Table 3). It was dominated by Pinus wallichiana, Rubus niveus and Persicaria amplexicaulis, whereas the least IV was observed for Picea smithiana and Robinia pseudoacacia (Table 4).…”

“…Nested plots for shrub layer (size: 5 × 5 m 2 ) and herb layers (size: 1×1 m 2 ) were also studied. The absolute values of density, frequency and cover of each plant species were recorded, averaged, relative values were calculated, followed by calculation of importance values index (IVI) of each species (Curtis and McIntosh, 1950;Cox, 1967;Khan et al, 2018bKhan et al, , 2019. First three alphabets of each of generic and specific binomials separated by a dot of each plant species were created and used in all multivariate analyses.…”

“…A total of two to six (2-6) possible groups were tested, and the mean p-value and the number of significant indicator species were observed. A criterion of minimized p-value and/or maximized significant species was used to decide the number of plant association (Khan et al, 2018b(Khan et al, , 2019. For ecological classification of the studied samples, two-way agglomerative hierarchical clustering (distance "Euclidean"; linkage "Ward") dendrogram of the studied vegetation samples (sub-stations) and their allied plant species was developed.…”