A novel structure of Tn4001-truncated element, type V, in clinical enterococcal isolates and multiplex PCR for detecting aminoglycoside resistance genes

Leelaporn, Amornrut; Yodkamol, K.; Waywa, Duangdao; Pattanachaiwit, Supanit

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.10.019

Cited by 37 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…In the present study, pattern D was the most frequent, and accounted for half of the isolates harboring aac(6 )-Ie-aph(2")-Ia. Similarly, the dominance of pattern C and D representing truncated transposon structures of this gene was observed among the clinical isolates in other countries [24,40,41]. In addition, some variations in pattern C were also found in other reports [40,41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Drug Resistance Determinants in Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus faecalis in Bangladesh: Identification of Oxazolidinone Resistance Gene optrA in ST59 and ST902 Lineages

Roy

Aung

Paul³

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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Enterococcus faecalis is one of the major causes of urinary tract infection, showing acquired resistance to various classes of antimicrobials. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of drug resistance and its genetic determinants for E. faecalis clinical isolates in north-central Bangladesh. Among a total of 210 E. faecalis isolates, isolated from urine, the resistance rates to erythromycin, levofloxacin, and gentamicin (high level) were 85.2, 45.7, and 11.4%, respectively, while no isolates were resistant to ampicillin, vancomycin and teicoplanin. The most prevalent resistance gene was erm(B) (97%), and any of the four genes encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzyme (AME) were detected in 99 isolates (47%). The AME gene aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2”)-Ia was detected in 46 isolates (21.9%) and was diverse in terms of IS256-flanking patterns, which were associated with resistance level to gentamicin. Tetracycline resistance was ascribable to tet(M) (61%) and tet(L) (38%), and mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of both GyrA and ParC were identified in 44% of isolates. Five isolates (2.4%) exhibited non-susceptibility to linezolide (MIC, 4 μg/mL), and harbored the oxazolidinone resistance gene optrA, which was located in a novel genetic cluster containing the phenicol exporter gene fexA. The optrA-positive isolates belonged to ST59, ST902, and ST917 (CC59), while common lineages of other multiple drug-resistant isolates were ST6, ST28, CC16, and CC116. The present study first revealed the prevalence of drug resistance determinants of E. faecalis and their genetic profiles in Bangladesh.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Drug Resistance Determinants in Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus faecalis in Bangladesh: Identification of Oxazolidinone Resistance Gene optrA in ST59 and ST902 Lineages

Roy

Aung

Paul³

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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“…Of note, this insertion sequence has been associated with aminoglycoside resistance (29,42) and with the ica operon in biofilm producers of Staphylococcus epidermidis (28,29). Since a high prevalence of transposons with IS256 sequences in enterococcal isolates has been reported from Japan and Thailand (70,32) and many cfr-carrying strains have been detected in the last 2 years in China (13,33,68,69,72), it is tempting to speculate that cfr has an important potential for dissemination from animals to humans in Southeast Asia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transferable Plasmid-Mediated Resistance to Linezolid Due to cfr in a Human Clinical Isolate of Enterococcus faecalis

Diaz

Kiratisin

Mendes

et al. 2012

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

159

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Nonmutational resistance to linezolid is due to the presence of cfr, which encodes a methyltransferase responsible for methylation of A2503 in the 23S rRNA. The cfr gene was first described in animal isolates of staphylococci, and more recently, it has been identified in Staphylococcus aureus from human clinical infections, including in an outbreak of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. In enterococci, cfr has been described in an animal isolate of Enterococcus faecalis from China. Here, we report an isolate of linezolid-resistant E. faecalis (603-50427X) recovered from a patient in Thailand who received prolonged therapy with the antibiotic for the treatment of atypical mycobacterial disease. The isolate lacked mutations in the genes coding for 23S rRNA and L3 and L4 ribosomal proteins and belonged to the multilocus sequence type (MLST) 16 (ST16), which is commonly found in enterococcal isolates from animal sources. Resistance to linezolid was associated with the presence of cfr on an ϳ97-kb transferable plasmid. The cfr gene environment exhibited DNA sequences similar to those of other cfr-carrying plasmids previously identified in staphylococci (nucleotide identity, 99 to 100%). The cfr-carrying plasmid was transferable by conjugation to a laboratory strain of E. faecalis (OG1RF) but not to Enterococcus faecium or S. aureus. The cfr gene was flanked by IS256-like sequences both upstream and downstream. This is the first characterization of the potential horizontal transferability of the cfr gene from a human linezolid-resistant isolate of E. faecalis.

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“…All of the studied isolates were also negative for aph(2′′)-Ib, aph(2′′)-Ic, aph(2′′)-Id, and ant(4′)-Ia genes amplification. Absence of the aph(2′′)-Ib, aph(2′′)-Ic, and aph(2′′)-Id genes in E. faecalis strains was shown in several studies [34][35][36][37]. They are minor contributors to gentamicin resistance among Enterococcus strains [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

High prevalence of vancomycin and high-level gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis isolates

Taji

Heidari

Ebrahim‐Saraie

et al. 2018

AMicr

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Multiple drug-resistant enterococci are major cause of healthcare-associated infections due to their antibiotic resistance traits. Among them, Enterococcus faecalis is an important opportunistic pathogen causing various hospital-acquired infections. A total of 53 E. faecalis isolates were obtained from various infections. They were identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Determination of antimicrobial resistance patterns was done according to CLSI guidelines. The isolates that were non-susceptible to at least one agent in ≥3 antimicrobial categories were defined as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Detection of antimicrobial resistance genes was performed using standard procedures. According to MDR definition, all of the isolates were MDR (100%). High-level gentamicin resistance was observed among 50.9% of them (MIC ≥ 500 μg/ml). The distributions of aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′′)-Ia and aph(3′)-IIIa genes were 47.2% and 69.8%, respectively. The aph(2′′)-Ib, aph(2′′)-Ic, aph(2′′)-Id, and ant(4′)-Ia genes were not detected. Vancomycin resistance was found in 45.3% of strains. The vanA gene was detected in 37.7% of isolates, whereas vanB and vanC 1 genes were not observed in any strain. Erythromycin resistance rate was 79.2% and the frequencies of ermB and ermC genes were 88.6% and 69.8%, respectively. The ermA and msrA genes were not present in any of the isolates. Our data indicate a high rate of MDR E. faecalis strains. All of high-level gentamicin-resistant isolates carried at least one of aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′′)-Ia or aph(3′)-IIIa genes. Distribution of vanA was notable among the isolates. In addition, ermB and ermC were accountable for resistance to erythromycin.

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A novel structure of Tn4001-truncated element, type V, in clinical enterococcal isolates and multiplex PCR for detecting aminoglycoside resistance genes

Cited by 37 publications

References 11 publications

Drug Resistance Determinants in Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus faecalis in Bangladesh: Identification of Oxazolidinone Resistance Gene optrA in ST59 and ST902 Lineages

Drug Resistance Determinants in Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus faecalis in Bangladesh: Identification of Oxazolidinone Resistance Gene optrA in ST59 and ST902 Lineages

Transferable Plasmid-Mediated Resistance to Linezolid Due to cfr in a Human Clinical Isolate of Enterococcus faecalis

High prevalence of vancomycin and high-level gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis isolates

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