A novel strategy toward the advancement of proton exchange membranes through the incorporation of propylsulfonic acid-functionalized graphene oxide in crosslinked acid-base polymer blends

Maiti, Tushar Kanti; Dixit, Prakhar; Singh, Jitendra; Talapatra, Namita; Ray, Madhuparna; Chattopadhyay, Sujay

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.10.001

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The three types of losses depicted from current–voltage ( I – V ) curves describe the mass transport losses, ohmic losses, and activation polarization losses. These are critical factors in determining the performance of MEA . Developing appropriate PEMs for FCs can reduce mass transport and ohmic losses while increasing current and power density.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Polymerization-Mediated Cross-Linking of the MOF Using Poly(1-vinylimidazole) in SPEEK Fuel Cells

Ray

Samantaray

Negi

2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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A unique zirconium-based microporous MOF-808 constructed from Zr6 nodes (Zr6O4(OH)4) and BTC (benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid) synthesized herein has been further tailored by radical in situ polymerization of 1-vinylimidazole alongside N,N′-methylene-bis(acrylamide) as the cross-linker after their adsorption inside MOF pore channels. The cross-linked architectures were incorporated as fillers at 2 and 4 wt % in sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) solution to formulate mixed-matrix composite Proton Exchange Membranes (PEMs). The composite membranes displayed considerably higher proton conductivity, improved fuel cell performance, and thermal stability than pristine SPEEK. The highly ordered crystal-controlled 3D polymeric cross-linked networks created in the MOF channels address the undesirable leaching associated with adding low-molecular-weight azoles in membranes. Additionally, it generates highly ordered long-range proton-conducting channels through the MOF pores. The acid–base interaction between the imidazole and sulfonic functional groups causes the conductivity of protons to increase to 0.05 S/cm at 80 °C and 70% RH for the S4P3M membrane containing 4 wt % complex filler, which is 16.6-fold higher than that of pure SPEEK. The membrane retains a proton conductivity of up to 0.04 S/cm at 100 °C and 40% RH, indicating its proton-conducting abilities at low humidity conditions. Furthermore, S4P3M achieves a peak power density of 310 mW/cm2 at 60 °C and 347 mW/cm2 at 80 °C under 70% relative humidity, which are higher than those in several other reported literature studies on SPEEK-based membranes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are critical factors in determining the performance of MEA. 34 Developing appropriate PEMs for FCs can reduce mass transport and ohmic losses while increasing current and power density. The polarization curve and power density curve of the sample are depicted in Figure 9b.…”

Section: Fuel Cell Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Polymerization-Mediated Cross-Linking of the MOF Using Poly(1-vinylimidazole) in SPEEK Fuel Cells

Ray

Samantaray

Negi

2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…With increasing nanoparticle SiO 2 , proton conductivity quality improved, revealing the mechanisms of doped MOF and SiO 2 on membrane materials. Maiti et al 91 prepared XSPEEK/ SPBI/PrSTO nanocomposite membranes, enhancing proton conductivity to 17 mS cm −1 (90 °C, 100% RH) (Fig. 8d).…”

Section: Proton Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in non-perfluorinated sulfonic acid proton exchange membranes in the energy field

Lv,

Li,

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. A

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“…The nanocomposite membrane (Nafion®/ATP@GO) exhibits the highest proton conductivities of 345 mS cm −1 at 80 °C with 100% RH and 221 mS cm −1 at 140 °C with 50% RH because of the excellent micro-assemblies formed between two-dimensional (2D) well-ordered lamellar microstructure (GO) and ATP nanostructures. 16 T. K. Maiti et al 17 developed SPEEK-sulfonated PBI blending to analyze the effect of propylsulfonic acid-functionalized GO (PrSGO) on proton conductivity, mechanical properties, and single-cell performance. The crosslinked XSPEEK/SPBI/PrSGO nanocomposite membrane with 4 wt % PrSGO filling exhibited significant improvement in proton conductivity up to 170 mS cm −1 at 100% RH and 90 °C.…”

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confidence: 99%

Review—Functionalized Graphene Oxide Membranes as Electrolytes

Chowdury

Cho²,

Park³

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) typically use Nafion®, which has many drawbacks, such as high cost, fuel crossover, and strenuous synthesis processes. As such, an alternative Nafion®-ionomer free proton conductor has drawn significant interest. Graphene oxide membrane (GOM) is a promising alternative due to its hydrophilic nature and attractive proton conductivity under humidified conditions. However, pristine GOMs have drawbacks, including fuel crossover, a high reduction rate of negatively oxygenated functional groups during fuel cell operation, and proton conductivity showing excessive orientation dependence. We focused on nanocomposite-GOM (N-GOM) based on PFSAs, hydrocarbon polymers, synthetic polymers, inorganic-organic polymers, biopolymers, metal-organic frameworks, and micro- and nano-engineered surfaces. GO nanosheets have outstanding dispersion rate and compatibility with ionomer matrices that can be functionalized by sulfonation, polymerization, phosphorylation, cross-linking, incorporated inorganic nanoparticles, and blending with matrix, microscale-nanoscale fabrication. The N-GOM exhibits high-performance fuel cells with improved proton conductivity, physicochemical properties, and low fuel crossover compared to Nafion®. For instance, SCSP/SF membranes with 3% functionalized GO (FGO) content displayed the highest conductivity of 26.90 mS/cm and the best selectivity (methanol) of 4.10 × 105 S/cm3 at room temperature. Moreover, a new scalable, efficient chitosan (CA)-based composite membrane (CA/GO) was fabricated. In addition, surface-patterned nanostructures in thin films increased the PEMFC output power to 950 mW/cm2, higher than 590 mW/cm2 for non-patterned Nafion®. Finally, we report on the optimal composition ratio for each material of the N-GOM-based membrane. This review discusses the most crucial developments in proton conductivity and outlines the current progress for the N-GOM as a revolutionary form of PEM. The general objective of this research is to review all possible modifications of N-GOM from the perspective of their practical application as electrolytes in fuel cells

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A novel strategy toward the advancement of proton exchange membranes through the incorporation of propylsulfonic acid-functionalized graphene oxide in crosslinked acid-base polymer blends

Cited by 22 publications

References 76 publications

In Situ Polymerization-Mediated Cross-Linking of the MOF Using Poly(1-vinylimidazole) in SPEEK Fuel Cells

In Situ Polymerization-Mediated Cross-Linking of the MOF Using Poly(1-vinylimidazole) in SPEEK Fuel Cells

Recent advances in non-perfluorinated sulfonic acid proton exchange membranes in the energy field

Review—Functionalized Graphene Oxide Membranes as Electrolytes

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