A novel strategy for avian species and gender identification using the CHD gene

Lee, James Chun-I; Tsai, Li-Chin; Hwa, Pei-Yi; Chan, Chia‐Hsin; Huang, Alex; Chin, Shih-Chien; Wang, Lih-Chiann; Lin, J.; Linacre, Adrian; Hsieh, Hsing-Mei

doi:10.1016/j.mcp.2009.08.003

Cited by 90 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…CHD-W and CHD-Z gene sizes are compatible with con-generic species: 394/349 bp, respectively, in length for Turdus merula (Dybus et al 2009) and 379/341 bp, respectively, in length for Turdus pallidus (Lee et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Sex determination in Turdus amaurochalinus (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae): morphometrical analysis supported by CHD gene

Silva

Lôbo-Hajdu²,

Alves³

2010

RBT

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Sex determination is important for conservation and population studies, particularly for reproduction programs of threatened species and behavioural ecology. Turdus amaurochalinus, Creamy-bellied Thrush, only exhibits sexual dimorphism during the breeding season, when males are considered to show intense yellow bills, and females and immature males show dark brown bills. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the sex of individuals using genetic techniques, and 2) to test the hypothesis that sex dimorphism can be detected by morphometry. This study was carried out at Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, a preserved area located on the North coast of Rio de Janeiro State. The birds were captured using ornithological nets, singly marked with metal rings, weighed, measured and had blood samples collected before being released. The sex of 42 T. amaurochalinus individuals was determined using the CHD gene marker. A total of 20 males and 22 females were identified from June to August, with peak capture frequency in June. Turdus amaurochalinus females and males differed significantly in morphometrical measures. The most important traits to distinguish males from females were wing length (Student t-test=4.34, df=40, p=0.0001) and weight (Student t-test=2.08, df=40, p=0.044): females were heavier and had significantly shorter wing length than males. Females and males were correctly classified in 86% and 75% of cases, respectively, using Discriminant Analysis. The molecular analysis was the most secure method for sex determination in the studied species. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (2): 789-794. Epub 2011 June 01.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The CHD gene has been used successfully in many bird species , Miyaki et al 1998, Ito et al 2003, Sacchi et al 2004, Lee et al 2007, 2010, since the gene is preserved in most bird species (Griffiths & Tiwari 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sex determination in Turdus amaurochalinus (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae): morphometrical analysis supported by CHD gene

Silva

Lôbo-Hajdu²,

Alves³

2010

RBT

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“…A robust species identification is of critical importance in the success of wildlife forensic prosecutions [15]. Without the ability to identify the species of seized wildlife material, the likelihood of conviction and appropriate sentencing of traffickers may be greatly diminished [16] and [17]. Correctly identifying avian species using eggshell morphology alone can be difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Correctly identifying avian species using eggshell morphology alone can be difficult. In these types of cases, genetic identification can be used as a tool when morphological features cannot be relied upon to accurately assign a species to a given wildlife sample [16]. However, this method of species identification must rely on the successful DNA extraction from eggshell or egg contents, including membrane, tissue or blood vessels where an embryo is/was present (see Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Egg forensics: An appraisal of DNA sequencing to assist in species identification of illegally smuggled eggs

Coghlan

White

Parkinson

et al. 2012

Forensic Science International: Genetics

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Psittaciformes (parrots and cockatoos) are charismatic birds, their plumage and capacity for learning make them highly sought after pets. The illegal trade in parrots and cockatoos poses a serious threat to the viability of native populations; in addition, species transported to non-endemic areas may potentially vector disease and genetically 'pollute' local native avifauna. To reduce the logistical difficulties associated with trafficking live birds, smugglers often transport eggs. This creates a problem for authorities in elucidating accurate species identification without the laborious task of incubation and hand rearing until a morphological identification can be made. Here, we use 99 avian eggs seized from carriers coming into and within Australia, as a result of suspected illegal trade. We investigate and evaluate the use of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to accurately identify eggs to family, genus or species level. However, Identification of a species based on percentage mtDNA similarities is difficult without good representations of the inter-and intra-levels of species variation.Based on the available reference database, we were able to identify 52% of the eggs to species level.Of those, 10 species from eight genera were detected, all of which belong to the parrot (Psittacidae) and cockatoo (Cacatuidae) families. Of the remaining 48%, a further 36% of eggs were identified to genus level, and 12% identified to family level using our assignment criteria. Clearly the lack of validated DNA reference sequences is hindering our ability to accurately assign a species identity, and accordingly, we advocate that more attention needs to be paid to establishing validated, multi locus mtDNA reference databases for exotic birds that can both assist in genetic identifications and withstand legal scrutiny.

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“…However, these approaches present limitations, and just molecular procedures have proved to be useful for positive sexing of individuals at any life stage (Bertellotti et al, 2002). Although some genetic procedures have been applied to penguin species (Dubach, 1996;Costantini et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2010), these techniques were applied just once for Magellanic penguins (see Bertellotti et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular sexing of unusually large numbers of Spheniscus magellanicus (Spheniscidae) washed ashore along the Brazilian coast in 2008

Reis

Aires²,

Moura³

et al. 2011

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT.There have been few studies on Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus). In 2008, these penguins washed ashore along the Brazilian coast in unusually high numbers, some reaching as far as northeast Brazil. As Magellanic penguins show little sexual dimorphism, sex determination by morphological features is not accurate. Here, we tested a molecular procedure for sexing specimens of S. magellanicus washed ashore along the coasts of Sergipe, Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul in 2008, comparing the sex ratio between these localities. Tissue samples were collected from 135 dead, beached specimens. We carried out total genomic DNA extraction and CHD-Z/CHD-W gene amplification by PCR using P2 and P8 primers. Amplicons were separated by 12% acrylamide gel electrophoresis. We found a greater proportion of females (70%). Sex could be determined because females have two intronic regions of CHD gene of different size in the sex chromosomes, visualized as two bands on the gel (380 and 400 bp approximately), while males have only one (400 bp). Therefore, this method proved to be effective and sensitive for sex determination of S. magellanicus individuals. Data on sex ratios are useful for understanding the dynamics and ecology of Magellanic penguin populations.

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A novel strategy for avian species and gender identification using the CHD gene

Cited by 90 publications

References 22 publications

Sex determination in Turdus amaurochalinus (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae): morphometrical analysis supported by CHD gene

Sex determination in Turdus amaurochalinus (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae): morphometrical analysis supported by CHD gene

Egg forensics: An appraisal of DNA sequencing to assist in species identification of illegally smuggled eggs

Molecular sexing of unusually large numbers of Spheniscus magellanicus (Spheniscidae) washed ashore along the Brazilian coast in 2008

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