A Novel Stochastic Mixed-Integer-Linear-Logical Programming Model for Optimal Coordination of Hybrid Storage Systems in Isolated Microgrids Considering Demand Response

Abstract

Storage systems and demand-response programs will play a vital role in future energy systems. Batteries, hydrogen or pumped hydro storage systems can be combined to form hybrid storage facilities to not only manage the intermittent behavior of renewable sources, but also to store surplus renewable energy in a practice known as ‘green’ storage. On the other hand, demand-response programs are devoted to encouraging a more active participation of consumers by pursuing a more efficient operation of the system. In this context, proper scheduling tools able to coordinate different storage systems and demand-response programs are essential. This paper presents a stochastic mixed-integer-lineal-logical framework for optimal scheduling of isolated microgrids. In contrast to other works, the present model includes a logical-based formulation to explicitly coordinate batteries and pumped hydro storage units. A case study on a benchmark isolated microgrid serves to validate the developed optimization model and analyze the effect of applying demand-response premises in microgrid operation. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the developed method, and it is found that operation cost and fuel consumption can be reduced by ~38% and ~82% by applying demand-response initiatives.

Design and Evaluation Framework for Modular Hybrid Battery Energy Storage Systems in Full-Electric Marine Applications

“…Volume module,HE/HP = Volume cells,HE/HP + Volume HS,HE/HP + Volume PCD,HE/HP (14) It must be mentioned that for the baseline topology and the HP battery pack in the discrete HESS topology (both are sketched in Section 3.1.1), the volume of modules only depends on the volume of the cells and heat sink; as for these two cases, there is no converter on the module level, and the entire battery pack is equipped with a central DC/DC converter.…”

“…However, HBESSs have only been investigated in road transport applications and electric grid applications (including charging stations) [13,14], while there has been limited explorations in maritime applications [11,12]. Although the existing literature, such as [8,15,16], has proposed several hybrid battery energy storage systems (HBESSs), it remains unanalyzed which HBESS has an advantage due to the absence of a generic design and evaluation framework on maritime HBESS.…”

Energy, economic and environmental benefits of Demand Response for improving building energy flexibility

“…The most widely used optimization techniques are linear programming (LP) and mixed integer linear programming (MILP), given their availability as commercial software, their ability to handle a large number of decision variables, their capability to find the global optimum of the problem and their computational efficiency [15]. The applications are wideranging, but often refer to very specific case studies and areas of research such as, for example, the problem of expanding the power grid and generating capacity [16], the frequency control of the power grid [17], the stability of an isolated microgrid [18]. Some Authors of the work proposed here have already dealt with the DR problem within studies on renewable energy communities [19,20], although the focus has been primarily on optimizing the design and/or operation of generation and storage units rather than on the actual characterization of the demand curve, which is modelled at the aggregate level.…”