A novel specimen for investigating the mechanical behavior of elastomers under multiaxial loading conditions

Mars, W. V.; Fatemi, Ali

doi:10.1007/bf02428173

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The fatigue test condition and results are shown in Table 3. Finite straindisplacement analysis is based on the formulation presented by Mars and Fatemi 24 for rubber finite deformation of tension-torsional displacement field.…”

Section: E X P E R I M E N T Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue life prediction of vulcanized natural rubber under proportional and non‐proportional loading

Wang

Chen

et al. 2008

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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To investigate the multiaxial fatigue properties of vulcanized natural rubber (NR), a series of tests including both proportional and non‐proportional loading paths on small specimens were performed. The existing fatigue life prediction approaches are evaluated with life data obtained in the tests. It is shown that the equivalent strain approach presents a good prediction of the fatigue life although it has a certain shortcoming. Compared with the strain energy density (SED) model, the cracking energy density (CED) model represents the portion of SED that is available to be released by virtue of crack growth on a given material plane, so it gives better results in the life prediction. Some of the approaches based on critical plane which are widely used for metal fatigue are also tested in this paper, and the results show that the Chen‐Xu‐Huang (CXH) model gives a better prediction, compared with the Smith‐Watson‐Topper (SWT) and Wang–Brown (WB) model. A modified Fatemi–Socie's model has also been introduced, and the results show that the modified model can be used to predict the fatigue life of rubber material well.

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Section: E X P E R I M E N T Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue life prediction of vulcanized natural rubber under proportional and non‐proportional loading

Wang

Chen

et al. 2008

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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“…Details of the specimen geometry and its design and analysis are provided in Ref. [5]. Figure 2 illustrates the nomenclature used herein for describing the axial displacement δ and the twist displacement θ of a material element in the specimen.…”

Section: E X P E R I M E N Ta L P R O G R a Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiaxial fatigue of rubber: Part II: experimental observations and life predictions

Mars

Fatemi

2005

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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A B S T R A C T Fatigue experiments were conducted with an axial-torsion specimen covering a wide range of stretch biaxiality and a range of fatigue lives between 10 3 and 2 × 10 6 cycles. These experiments include combined torsion-compression, pure torsion, combined torsiontension and pure axial tension. Both in-phase and out-of-phase combinations of axial and torsion loading were considered. The multiaxial fatigue experiments described provide empirical evidence from which an understanding of the mechanics of the fatigue process in rubber can be developed. Each of the four equivalence parameters described in Part I has been applied to the axial-torsion fatigue experiments described in this paper (Part II). These results provide the basis for an analysis of the effects of multiaxial loading on fatigue life, and an assessment of the degree to which the various equivalence parameters are able to rationalize the results in a unified way. For the combined axial and shear strain histories in this study, the maximum principal strain criterion gave the best correlation to fatigue life. Strain energy density gave the worst correlation. The cracking energy density criterion was generally found to give good correlation of fatigue crack nucleation lives from combined axial-torsion tests. Because it provides a plane-specific analysis, this criterion appears to be particularly well suited for use in crack nucleation analyses of multiaxial strain histories.Keywords axial-torsion fatigue tests of rubber; correlation of multiaxial fatigue data of rubber. N O M E N C L A T U R EB = stretch biaxiality ratio E, E ij = Green-Lagrange strain tensor, components F = fatigue crack growth exponent G = shear modulus of linear elasticity, energy release rate H = specimen gage section height I 1 , I 2 , I 3 = stretch tensor invariants N , N f = cycles, cycles to failure N f,W , N f,WC = cycles to failure according to strain energy density criterion, according to cracking energy density criterion P, P a , P m = axial loads, amplitude, mean r = coefficient of correlation R = specimen outside gage section radius, minimum to maximum ratio R θ , R W , R WC = minimum to maximum twist displacement ratio θ min /θ max , strain energy density ratio W min /W max , cracking energy density ratio W C,min /W C,max t = time Correspondence: A. Fatemi.

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“…Regarding the self-heating behavior, Behnke et al [ 17 ] used uniaxial multi-stage tests for characterisation, whereas Kyei-Manu et al [ 18 ] and Suphadon et al [ 19 ] applied the cyclic stretching process with different predeformations. Mars and Fatemi [ 20 , 21 ] combined axial and radial cyclic loads while identifying material parameters. Carleo et al [ 22 ] stated that, over the range of strains and strain rates that rubber-based automotive components are expected to operate in, the filled vulcanized elastomers exhibit strong nonlinearity and large hysteresis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Characterisation of Soft Polymers under Cyclic Loading in Context of Engine Mounts

et al. 2022

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The experimental investigation of viscoelastic behavior of cyclically loaded elastomeric components with respect to the time and the frequency domain is critical for industrial applications. Moreover, the validation of this behavior through numerical simulations as part of the concept of virtual prototypes is equally important. Experiments, combined measurements and test setups for samples as well as for rubber-metal components are presented and evaluated with regard to their industrial application. For application in electric vehicles with relevant excitation frequencies substantially higher than by conventional drive trains, high-frequency dynamic stiffness measurements are performed up to 3000 Hz on a newly developed test bench for elastomeric samples and components. The new test bench is compared with the standard dynamic measurement method for characterization of soft polymers. A significant difference between the measured dynamic stiffness values, caused by internal resonance of the bushing, is presented. This effect has a direct impact on the acoustic behavior of the vehicle and goes undetected by conventional measurement methods due to their lower frequency range. Furthermore, for application in vehicles with internal combustion engine, where the mechanical excitation amplitudes are significantly larger than by vehicles with electric engines, a new concept for the identification of viscoelastic material parameters that is suitable for the representation of large periodic deformations under consideration of energy dissipation is described. This dissipated energy causes self-heating of the polymer and leads to the precocious aging and failure of the elastomeric component. The validation of this concept is carried out thermally and mechanically on specimen and component level. Using the approaches developed in this work, the behavior of cyclically loaded elastomeric engine mounts in different applications can be simulated to reduce the time spent and save on the costs necessary for the production of prototypes.

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A novel specimen for investigating the mechanical behavior of elastomers under multiaxial loading conditions

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Fatigue life prediction of vulcanized natural rubber under proportional and non‐proportional loading

Fatigue life prediction of vulcanized natural rubber under proportional and non‐proportional loading

Multiaxial fatigue of rubber: Part II: experimental observations and life predictions

Advanced Characterisation of Soft Polymers under Cyclic Loading in Context of Engine Mounts

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