“…Multiple susceptibility genes, diseasecausing genes, and genetic risk loci attributed to PD have been identified (Hernandez et al, 2016;Liu and Le, 2020). Intriguingly, some pleomorphic risk loci overlap with the known causative genes of monogenic PD, such as SNCA, glucosylceramidase beta (GBA), leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), and vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog C (VPS13C) (Singleton and Hardy, 2011;Nalls et al, 2019;Blauwendraat et al, 2020 (Polymeropoulos et al, 1997;Youn et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2020;Zhao et al, 2020;Brás et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2021). The CNVs of the SNCA locus were discovered in an Iowan kindred for the first time in 2003 (Singleton et al, 2003).…”