A Novel Smart Healthcare Design, Simulation, and Implementation Using Healthcare 4.0 Processes

Abstract

Blockchain technology is found to have its applicability in almost every domain because of its advantages such as crypto-security, transparency, immutability, decentralized data network. In present times, a smart healthcare system with a blockchain data network and healthcare 4.0 processes provides transparency, easy and faster accessibility, security, efficiency, etc. Healthcare 4.0 trends include industry 4.0 processes such as the internet of things (IoT), industrial IoT (IIoT), cognitive computing, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, fog computing, edge computing, etc. The goal of this work is to design a smart healthcare system and it is found to be possible through integration and interoperability of Blockchain 3.0 and Healthcare 4.0 in consideration with healthcare ground-realities. Here, healthcare 4.0 processes used for data accessibility are targeted to be validated through statistical simulation-optimization methods and algorithms. The blockchain is implemented in the Ethereum network, and with associated programming languages, tools, and techniques such as solidity, web3.js, Athena, etc. Further, this work prepares a comparative and comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art blockchain-based smart healthcare systems. The comprehensive survey includes methodology, applications, requirements, outcomes, future directions, etc. A list of groups, organizations, and enterprises are prepared that are working in electronic health records (EHR), electronic medical records (EMR) or electronic personal records (EPR) mainly, and a comparative analysis is drawn concerning adopting the blockchain technology in their processes. This work has explored optimization algorithms applicable to Healthcare 4.0 trends and improves the performance of blockchain-based decentralized applications for the smart healthcare system. Further, smart contracts and their designs are prepared for the proposed system to expedite the trust-building and payment systems. This work has considered simulation and implementation to validate the proposed approach. Simulation results show that the Gas value required (indicating block size and expenditure) lies within current Etherum network Gas limits. The proposed system is active because block utilization lies above 80%. Automated smart contract execution is below 20 seconds. A good number (average 3 per simulation time) is generated in the network that indicates a health competition. Although there is error observed in simulation and implementation that lies between 0.55% and 4.24%, these errors are not affecting overall system performance because simulated and actual (taken in state-of-the-art) data variations are negligible.

Intelligent Recommendations of Startup Projects in Smart Cities and Smart Health Using Social Media Mining

“…It should be noted that these technological solutions in the field of smart cities have been applied in various areas, such as smart home [9], smart grid [10], smart community [11], smart governance [12], smart building [13], smart manufacturing [14], smart agriculture [15], and smart healthcare applications that play an important role nowadays [16][17][18]. Smart healthcare monitoring in smart cities is important to provide better services and carefulness to residents [19][20][21][22][23].…”

The role of blockchain technology in telehealth and telemedicine

“…Several organizations, such as CallHealth, Mediledger, and Embleema have developed blockchain-based systems to offer trust and operational transparency in healthcare systems. The blockchain-based systems; namely, SMEAD, WellLinc, MedBlock, and MedRec have improved healthcare industry services by enabling healthcare professionals to perform business operations in a reliable, trusted, transparent, auditable, trackable, and secure way [68] . This section presents the five most recent and prominent start-ups and projects focused on the integration of blockchain technology with telehealth and telemedicine systems.…”

Analysis of Security Issues and Countermeasures for the Industrial Internet of Things

“…In this section, we employ a use case of a smart healthcare system as an IIoT application. We select a smart healthcare system as an example, as it deals with sensitive, private, and critical information where security is a significant concern [60]. We examine the smart healthcare system based on the four layers of an IIoT architecture, which is discussed in [39] (cf.…”