A Novel Silicone Simulation Model for Microvascular Anastomosis

Abstract

Purpose: Surgical simulation of microvascular anastomosis has become increasingly popular. There are several living and silicone models available. Current silicone models fail to accurately reproduce a vessel’s loose adventitial layer, which may lead to the development of improper microsurgical technique. Our purpose is to create a realistic 3-dimensional microsurgical simulator that incorporates an adventitial vessel layer for higher fidelity manipulation of vessels. Methods: A microvascular anastomosis simulator was manufactured using metal moulds and inorganic materials. Synthetic tubing was created with a metal cylinder, 1.65 mm in diameter, painted with 2 sequential layers of silicon with a shore hardness of 2A. Silicone was allowed to fully cure in-between layers. Vessel adventitia was created with a 100-micron polyester mesh adhered to the silicone vessel exterior. Once dry, the synthetic tube is removed from the metal cylinder is then clipped to reveal the inner lumen. Both Resident and attending physicians evaluated the model with and without the adventitial layer and completed a questionnaire. Results: Grasping and manipulation of the vessel were scored on Average score 4.5 and 3 out of 5, with adventitia and without, respectively ( P = .00906). Usefulness as a teaching tool was scored on average 4.9 and 4.2, with adventitia and without, respectively ( P = .0232). The analysis included: simulation realism, educational utility, and overall satisfaction. Responses in all domains were favourable, suggesting the utility of this model. Conclusion: We created a realistic, high fidelity microvascular anastomosis simulator that is low cost and easily reproducible. Initial feedback is encouraging regarding realism, educational utility, and overall usefulness. Further validation is required to assess its effectiveness in resident education and skill transfer to the operating room.

Open Source Sensor Interface for Soft Detectors in Surgical Simulators

“…VOLUME 11, 2023 Simulators, such as the one for injection laryngoplasty training from Lee et al [33] or the one for basic microsurgery training at the arteries, veins and nerves from Alser et al [34], could greatly benefit from soft sensing. In addition, methods such as anastomosis [35], [36] could also benefit from the possibility of quantitative feedback (measured resistance of structures can show quality of connection).…”