A Novel Signature Derived from Metabolism-Related Genes GPT and SMS to Predict Prognosis of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Background A growing body of evidence has suggested the involvement of metabolism in the occurrence and development of tumors. But the link between metabolism and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has rarely been reported. This study seeks to understand and explain the role of metabolic biomarkers in predicting the prognosis of LSCC. Methods We identified the differentially expressed metabolism-related genes (MRGs) through RNA-seq data of TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GSEA (Gene set enrichment analysis). After the screening of protein-protein interaction (PPI), hub MRGs were analyzed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regression analyses to construct a prognostic signature. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was applied to verify the effectiveness of the prognostic signature in four cohorts (TCGA cohort, GSE27020 cohort, TCGA-sub1 cohort and TCGA-sub2 cohort). The expressions of the hub MRGs in cell lines and clinical samples were verified by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). The immunofluorescence staining of the tissue microarray (TMA) was carried out to further verify the reliability and validity of the prognostic signature. Cox regression analysis was then used to screen for independent prognostic factors of LSCC and a nomogram was constructed based on the results. Results Among the 180 differentially expressed MRGs, 14 prognostic MRGs were identified. A prognostic signature based on two MRGs (GPT and SMS) was then constructed and verified via internal and external validation cohorts. Compared to the adjacent normal tissues, SMS expression was higher while GPT expression was lower in LSCC tissues, indicating poorer outcomes. The risk score proved the prognostic signature as an independent risk factor for LSCC in both internal and external validation cohorts. A nomogram based on these results was developed for clinical application. Conclusions Differentially expressed MRGs were found and proven to be related to the prognosis of LSCC. We constructed a novel prognostic signature based on MRGs in LSCC for the first time and verified via different cohorts from both databases and clinical samples. A nomogram based on this prognostic signature was developed.

HPV-Related Prognostic Signature Predicts Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…analyses were used to evaluate independent prognostic factors in HNSCC. A nomogram integrating the independent prognostic factors was established by "rms" package [16]. Calibration curves and area under the curve (AUC) were used to verify the validity of the nomogram [17,18] we constructed.…”