A Novel Signal‐On Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor for the Detection of NSCLC Antigen Biomarker Based on New Co‐Reaction Accelerators

Abstract

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer with substantial morbidity and mortality. Herein, a new signal‐on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on multiple amplification strategies is constructed for ultrasensitive detection of cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21‐1 (CYFRA21‐1) biomarker related to NSCLC. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized MXene is decorated with NiMn layer double hydroxide (NiMn LDH) to form MXene‐PEI‐NiMn LDH composite. Specially, the La‐MOF@ZIF‐67 bimetallic organic framework (named as LZBM) and MXene‐PEI‐NiMn LDH both served as coreaction accelerators to improve the ECL emission of the luminol‐H2O2 system. To be specific, Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated MXene‐PEI‐NiMn LDH is applied to immobilize primary CYFRA21‐1 antibody (Ab1), while AuNPs decorated LZBM was used for the loading of luminol and secondary CYFRA21‐1 antibody (Ab2) to form tracer label. Therefore, the ECL signal of the sandwich‐type immunosensor is significantly enhanced due to the high loading capability for luminol and the synergistic catalytic ability for the decomposition of H2O2 into reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under the optimal experimental conditions, the ECL immunosensor exhibited good analytical performances for CYFRA21‐1 detection with a wide linear range (100 fg mL−1−100 ng mL−1) and a low limit of detection (85.20 fg mL−1), providing a promising method for early diagnosis of NSCLC.

Ultrasound nanomedicine and materdicine

“…40 Due to the fact that nearly all metals and various organic compounds can be used for the preparation of MOFs, a variety of MOF materials with unique structures and properties have emerged, such as UiO-66, 41 HKUST-1, 42 ZIF-8 43 and ZIF-67. 44…”

“…40 Due to the fact that nearly all metals and various organic compounds can be used for the preparation of MOFs, a variety of MOF materials with unique structures and properties have emerged, such as UiO-66, 41 HKUST-1, 42 ZIF-8 43 and ZIF-67. 44 Unique properties of MOFs and their derivatives, including their highly organized structure, high surface area, and huge pore volume, allow functional molecules to bind to their surfaces or pore channels. Based on the above advantages, MOF-based nanomaterials as the carrier of sonosensitizers have been applied to improve the therapeutic effect of SDT.…”

Signal “On-Amplified-Off” Strategy Based on Hafnium Dioxide Nanomaterials as Electrochemiluminescence Emitters for Progesterone Detection

“…The ECL binary system of “luminophore/coreagent” typically comprises an ECL emitter and a coreagent with high electrochemical redox activity, enhancing the luminescence intensity and stability of the luminophore. − The ECL ternary system includes a coreaction accelerator that interacts with the coreagent to increase the generation of intermediates, thus boosting the luminescence intensity of the luminophore through the interaction between the intermediates. − The “coreaction accelerator” concept marks a major step toward constructing a novel and efficient ECL ternary system.…”

“Gold-plated” PCN-222(Fe) and superconductive carbon black-based sandwich-type immunosensor for detecting CYFRA21-1

“…Alternatively, electrochemical immunosensors based on antigen and antibody specific recognition have the characteristics of high sensitivity, fast analysis speed, easy operation and low costs, which have broad application prospects in the field of blood glucose, 5 neurotransmitters 6 and cancer markers. 7,8 Cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is a protein fragment dissolved in the blood after apoptosis of lung epithelial cells and has been demonstrated to be a protective biomarker for the diagnosis of NSCLC. 9 Generally, the maximum concentration of CYFRA21-1 must be no more than 10 ng mL À1 in human serum.…”