A Novel Secretory Factor, Neurogenesin-1, Provides Neurogenic Environmental Cues for Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Hippocampus

Ueki, Takatoshi; Tanaka, Masamitsu; Yamashita, Kensuke; Mikawa, Sumiko; Qiu, Zhe Fu; Maragakis, Nicholas J.; Hevner, Robert F.; Miura, Naoyuki; Sugimura, Haruhiko; Sato, Kohji

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-37-11732.2003

Cited by 110 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Moreover, an elevated concentration of circulating corticosteroids observed during aging can also suppress the proliferation of NSCs [31,70]. Furthermore, other secretory factors capable of promoting dentate neurogenesis, such as neurogenesin-1, noggin, and Wnt protein [25,55,83] may also exhibit decline with aging. Our finding that aging does not alter the number of NSCs in the SGZ is also supported by the following observations in the previous reports.…”

Section: Potential Reasons For Decreased Neurogenesis During Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging does not alter the number or phenotype of putative stem/progenitor cells in the neurogenic region of the hippocampus

Hattiangady

Shetty

2008

Neurobiology of Aging

222

207

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To investigate whether dramatically waned dentate neurogenesis during aging is linked to diminution in neural stem/progenitor cell (NSC) number, we counted cells immunopositive for Sox-2 (a putative marker of NSCs) in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of young, middle-aged and aged F344 rats. The young SGZ comprised ~50,000 Sox-2 + cells and this amount did not diminish with aging. Quantity of GFAP + cells and vimentin + radial glia also remained stable during aging in this region. Besides, in all age groups, analogous fractions of Sox-2 + cells expressed GFAP (astrocytes/NSCs), NG-2 (oligodendrocyte-progenitors/NSCs), vimentin (radial glia), S-100β (astrocytes) and doublecortin (new neurons). Nevertheless, analyses of Sox-2 + cells with proliferative markers insinuated an increased quiescence of NSCs with aging. Moreover, the volume of rat-endothelial-cell-antigen-1 + capillaries (vascular-niches) within the SGZ exhibited an age-related decline, resulting in an increased expanse between NSCs and capillaries. Thus, decreased dentate neurogenesis during aging is not attributable to altered number or phenotype of NSCs. Instead, it appears to be an outcome of increased quiescence of NSCs due to changes in NSC milieu.

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Section: Potential Reasons For Decreased Neurogenesis During Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging does not alter the number or phenotype of putative stem/progenitor cells in the neurogenic region of the hippocampus

Hattiangady

Shetty

2008

Neurobiology of Aging

222

207

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“…Further investigations are necessary to determine the role of Htra1 in lineage determination. The rat homologue of chrdl1, neurogenesin-1, is 97% identical at the amino acid level to mouse Chrdl1 and is implicated in adult neurogenesis (33). This observation and the fact that BMP-4 is implicated in sympathetic nervous system development raise the intriguing possibility that differentiating preadipocytes may recruit͞attract sympathetic neurons to innervate them.…”

Section: Mrna Expression Profiling Of 10t1͞2 Stem Cells and A33 Preadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable stem cell commitment to the adipocyte lineage by inhibition of DNA methylation: Role of the BMP-4 gene

Bowers

Kim

Otto

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

198

210

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Previous studies showed that exposure of C3H10T1͞2 stem cells to bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) produced cells that convert into adipocytes at high frequency when treated with differentiation inducers. In the present investigation, an independent approach shows that BMP-4 is required for stable commitment of pluripotent stem cells to the adipocyte lineage. Exposure of proliferating 10T1͞2 stem cells to 5-azacytidine, a potent DNA methylation inhibitor, gave rise to a subpopulation of cells that can be cloned and that have the capacity to undergo conversion into adipocytes upon treatment with terminal differentiation inducers. 5-azacytidine ͉ adipogenesis ͉ determination ͉ mesenchymal stem cell ͉ preadipocyte

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“…In addition, SEZ GFAP+ cells are quiescent and many survive anti-mitotic drug treatment. They rapidly enter the cell cycle upon withdrawal of the anti-mitotic drug supporting their Neurogenesin Induces neurogenesis via inhibition of BMP signaling [91] Shh signaling Induces NSC self-renewal and proliferation [100 -104] Cell. Mol.…”

Section: Astrocytes As Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem cells of the adult mammalian brain and their niche

Basak

Taylor

2008

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Abstract. The mammalian brain is a paradox of evolution. Although the advance in complexity of the human brain has exceeded the development of other organs, it has practically lost the ability to regenerate, and damage is repaired mainly by functional plasticity. This disparity is, however, not due to the lack of progenitor cells in the adult mammalian brain, but to their diminished or repressed capacity to replace neurons in most brain regions. Here, we discuss the current literature describing the processes of neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain, and the recent advances in adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) with a focus on their identity, cell cycle and niche signals. Understanding these processes may hopefully lead to therapies in the future to reinstate self-repair of the brain from endogenous progenitors.Keywords. Neural stem cells, neurogenesis, stem cell niche, adult brain, subventricular zone. The discovery of neurogenesis in the adult brainNSCs are the foundations of the brain during development, and despite poor regenerative capacity, they persist in the mammalian brain throughout postnatal development and into adulthood and continue to generate neurons. aNSCs self-renew and retain multipotency in almost all mammalian species analyzed, including humans. NSCs reside in specialized germinal layers where multiple cell-types interact with them and contribute to generate niches that control their fate choices and permit neurogenesis. Genetic and functional analyses have revealed roles for several genes and signaling pathways in controlling adult neurogenesis. However, the identities of the stem cells in the brain remain elusive, which presents an elementary problem for the interpretation of these results. In attempts to identify aNSCs, several groups have defined populations that contain cells with stem cell features, although unambiguous markers are still missing. Given their potential as putative tools for cell-based therapies, elucidating the molecular pathways that identify aNSCs and govern their cell fate is essential. Neurons in most regions of the adult mammalian brain are generated from NSCs and restricted progenitors during embryonic development before a switch to gliogenesis in peri-and postnatal development [1]. As early as the 1960s and 70s, newly generated neurons were identified by nucleotide analogue incorporation assays in adult rodents [2, 3]. These results, however, met with skepticism due to the poor regenerative capacity of the mammalian brain. Detailed studies went on to show extensive neurogenesis in the vocal control center in the brains of adult canaries, which correlates with seasonal song learning [4,5]. After a brief re-visitation to the topic in the mid-1980s, it was the use of retroviral lineage tracing assays that identified newborn neurons in the adult mammalian brain. These findings were quickly followed by the identification of zones with neurogenic capacity in

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A Novel Secretory Factor, Neurogenesin-1, Provides Neurogenic Environmental Cues for Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Hippocampus

Cited by 110 publications

References 32 publications

Aging does not alter the number or phenotype of putative stem/progenitor cells in the neurogenic region of the hippocampus

Aging does not alter the number or phenotype of putative stem/progenitor cells in the neurogenic region of the hippocampus

Stable stem cell commitment to the adipocyte lineage by inhibition of DNA methylation: Role of the BMP-4 gene

Stem cells of the adult mammalian brain and their niche

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