A Novel Ruthenium Based Coordination Compound Against Pathogenic Bacteria

Abstract

The current epidemic of antibiotic-resistant infections urges to develop alternatives to less-effective antibiotics. To assess anti-bacterial potential, a novel coordinate compound (RU-S4) was synthesized using ruthenium-Schiff base-benzimidazole ligand, where ruthenium chloride was used as the central atom. RU-S4 was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman spectroscopy. Antibacterial effect of RU-S4 was studied against Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 8511), vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) (CCM 1767), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ST239: SCCmecIIIA), and hospital isolate Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antibacterial activity of RU-S4 was checked by growth curve analysis and the outcome was supported by optical microscopy imaging and fluorescence LIVE/DEAD cell imaging. In vivo (balb/c mice) infection model prepared with VRSA (CCM 1767) and treated with RU-S4. In our experimental conditions, all infected mice were cured. The interaction of coordination compound with bacterial cells were further confirmed by cryo-scanning electron microscope (Cryo-SEM). RU-S4 was completely non-toxic against mammalian cells and in mice and subsequently treated with synthesized RU-S4.

Detection of Hypoxanthine from Inosine and Unusual Hydrolysis of Immunosuppressive Drug Azathioprine through the Formation of a Diruthenium(III) System

“…The study of X-ray microanalysis through of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) gave an Ru/Cl molar ratio of 1:3 for both studied samples ( 1a and 1b ) and was performed as previously done for other ruthenium systems [ 45 , 46 ]. Sulfur was not detected in 1a nor 1b .…”

Characterization and in vitro Analysis of Probiotic-Derived Peptides Against Multi Drug Resistance Bacterial Infections

“…Thus, we wanted to study the potential of the peptides against a vancomycin resistant strain. Therefore, further studies were carried out by the representative pathogenic bacterial strain, VRSA for consecutive analysis ( Jelinkova et al, 2018a ; Sur et al, 2020b ).…”

“…Mice were divided into 4 sets each contains 3 balb/c mice ( Table 1 ). They were anesthetized using an intramuscular injection of a mixture of xylazine (Rometar, ® Spofaa.s., Prague, Czechia) at 10 mg/kg and ketamine (Narkamon, ® Spofaa.s., Prague, Czechia) at 100 mg/kg with an 1 mL insulin syringe (BD Veo™ insulin syringes with BD Ultra-Fine™ 6 mm × 31G needle) ( Welberg et al, 2006 ; Gargiulo et al, 2012 ; Spunda et al, 2018 ; Sur et al, 2020b ). The fur was removed from mice using Nair ® hair removal solution (Church & Dwight Co., Inc., Princeton, NJ, United States) and electric trimmer, 1 day prior to the experiment ( Malachowa et al, 2013 ).…”

“…The absorbance at 600 nm was used to make the culture 0.1 absorbance. Skin infection was introduced by subcutaneous injection with 0.05 mL of inoculum of VRSA (concentration 10 7 CFU/mL) using 1 mL insulin syringe ( Malachowa et al, 2013 ; Hussain et al, 2018 ; Sur et al, 2020b ).…”

“…During the treatment the final concentration of PBDM1 and PBDM2 peptides final concentration was 15 and 10 μg/mL, respectively. The images were taken using digital camera (Nikon digital camera (D40), NIKON Corp., Japan) to keep the record of the changes that underwent before and after the treatment ( Koch, 2006 ; O’Toole et al, 2012 ; Sevgi et al, 2013 ; Sykes et al, 2014 ; Sur et al, 2020b ). The images of the control set were also take using the same camera.…”