A Novel Role for Lupeol in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment via Promoting Autophagy to Suppress Exosome Secretion

Abstract

Malignant hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) are among the most lethal malignancies globally, posing a significant challenge for treatment due to the scarcity of viable therapeutic interventions. This study aims to explore the potential anti-tumor properties of lupeol, a naturally occurring triterpenoid found in diverse vegetables, fruits, and herbs. Initially, it was discovered that lupeol demonstrates significant in vitro anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic properties. Furthermore, the presence of lupeol resulted in a decrease in exosome levels, while the restoration of exosome levels subsequently led to the resµMption of cell proliferation and migration capabilities. In addition, the investigation of intrinsic mechanisms demonstrated that lupeol may inhibit exosome levels by inducing autophagy, while investigation of intrinsic mechanisms has demonstrated that lupeol may inhibit exosome levels by inducing autophagy. The current investigation elucidated the anti- HCC mechanism of lupeol, thereby proposing its potential as an alternative therapeutic approach or dietary supplement for HCC. Additionally, this study offers novel perspectives on the importance of autophagy and exosome involvement in HCC progression.