“…There is a large volume of published studies on PSC inspection. Several studies have investigated how to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of PSC inspection, including how to select ships for inspection (Xu et al, 2007a(Xu et al, , 2007bGao et al, 2008;Degré, 2007Degré, , 2008Yang et al, 2018aYang et al, , 2018bWang et al, 2019;Heij and Knapp, 2019;Knapp and Heij, 2020), how to assign PSCOs considering their background and expertise and the deficiency conditions of the ships , and how to determine the onboard inspection sequence (Tsou, 2018;. Besides, various studies have assessed the impact of PSC inspection on reducing incidents and accidents (Hänninen et al, 2014;Li et al, 2014;Fan et al, 2020), on future PSC inspection results (Cariou et al, 2008), on ship behavior (Cariou and Wolff, 2011;Fan et al, 2014), and on protecting the marine environment (Heij et al, 2011).…”