Developing new catalysts with obvious advantages than existing ones is charming but very challenging for near infrared (NIR)photocontrolled reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP). Herein, a high-efficiency NIR-photocontrolled bromine-iodine transformation RDRP (BIT-RDRP) system was developed by employing persistent radical anions (PRAs) as the catalysts. Specifically, some inherent electron deficient species, such as 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA), can be reduced to PRAs in the presence of common reducing agents (e.g., sodium ascorbate (SA)). Subsequently, the electron-donating PRAs activate the carbon-halogen bonds of dormant species with the help of NIR light and facilitate the formation of carbon-centered radicals (CCRs) to initiate polymerizations. With the assistance of this catalytic system, a monomer conversion of more than 97.0% was achieved within 180−240 min and the polymerization process was still controllable. In addition, several other types of PRA catalysts have also been developed for confirming the catalytic mechanism. All PRAs exhibit highly catalytic ability in the BIT-RDRP system, which opens up a direction for the further development of NIR-photocontrolled RDRP.