A novel reconstruction technique for the knee and upper one third of lower leg

Chimeric Gastrocnemius Muscle and Sural Artery Perforator Local Flap

“…Numerous cadaver dissections [11][12][13] corroborate the existence of at least one adequately large musculocutaneous perforator to the medial calf skin, but often no such perforator exits from the lateral head of the gastrocnemius. When present, the majority of these perforators are clustered in the distal half of the muscle and emanate near the midline, 11 although Kim et al 12,14 suggest that medial SAPs have a bimodal distribution centered either about 8 or 15 cm below the popliteal crease on a line drawn from the midpoint of the latter to the apex of the medial malleolus. At best, these observations are rough guidelines for initiating a search for either medial or lateral SAPs.…”

Salvage of the Lower Limb after a Full Thickness Burn with Loss of the Knee Extensor Mechanism: A Case Report

“…1 Alternatives include the vastus lateralis, medialis and sartorius flap, 2 the saphenous flap, and perforator flaps (such as the medial sural artery perforator island flap 3 and islanded posterior calf perforator flap 4 ), but many of these are unsuitable for larger defects.…”

The salvage of knee-exposed prosthesis using neurofasciocutaneous sural flap

“…Reviewing literature several reconstructive procedures, variable and dependent on the wound requiring coverage size and shape, are described to manage complex wounds around the knee with preservation of the joint and extremity: local skin flaps, local traditional fasciocutaneous flaps, muscle flaps (pedicled or free), neurocutaneous flaps [15][16][17][18] and perforator flaps [19,20].…”