A novel recombinant genome of minute virus of canines in China

Chaperones Hsc70 and Hsp70 play distinct roles in the replication of bocaparvovirus minute virus of canines

“…Minute virus of canines (MVC) was first recovered from canine fecal samples in 1967 (Binn et al., 1967), subsequently, it has been reported from other areas, such as Korea (Jang et al., 2003; Ohshima et al., 2004), Japan (Ohshima et al., 2010), China (Shan et al., 2010; Yan et al., 2019), Brazil (Weber et al., 2018) and Italy (Campalto et al., 2020). MVC is distributed worldwide in domestic dogs of different ages, and is considered an important pathogen afflicting newborn pups and canine fetuses.…”

“…Currently known members of the Bocaparvovirus, besides bovine parvovirus (BPV), MVC and human bocaviruses 1‐4 (HBoV1‐4), several new members have been found and reported, including gorilla bocavirus (GBoV), porcine bocavirus (PBoV), feline bocavirus (FBoV), sea lion bocavirus, mink bocavirus, and rat bocavirus (Aryal & Liu, 2021; Velez et al., 2023; Xiong et al., 2018). Usually, the viral genome of Bocaparvovirus is approximately 5.4 kb in length with three open reading frames (ORFs) coding for two nonstructural proteins, NS1 and NP1, and two overlapping capsid proteins, VP1 and VP2 (Schwartz et al., 2002; Sun et al., 2009; Yan et al., 2019). ORF1, located at the 5′’ end, encodes the nonstructural protein NS1, which is a multifunctional protein involved in replication and regulation of viral expression.…”

Divergent minute virus of canines strains identified in illegally imported puppies in Italy

“…Canine bocaparvoviruses (CBoVs) are non-enveloped single-stranded linear DNA viruses with a genome size of about 5.4 kb with three open reading frames (ORFs) coding for two non-structural proteins, NS1 and NP1, and two overlapping capsid proteins, VP1 and VP2 [1]. ORF1, located at the 5′ end, is 2,325 bp long and encodes NS1 (774 amino acids [aa]) [2], which is involved in replication, regulation of viral expression, and cytotoxicity [3]. ORF2, located at the 3′ end, is 2,112 bp long and encodes VP1 (703 aa) and VP2 (571 aa) [2].…”

“…ORF2, located at the 3′ end, is 2,112 bp long and encodes VP1 (703 aa) and VP2 (571 aa) [2]. The VP1 protein is critical for MVC infection, while VP2 mediates receptor recognition and nuclear translocation [3]. ORF3 (561 bp long) partially overlaps with ORF1 (191 bp) and ORF2 (17 bp) and encodes the NP1 protein (186 aa) [2], which plays an essential role in accumulating capsid mRNAs and proteins [3].…”

“…The VP1 protein is critical for MVC infection, while VP2 mediates receptor recognition and nuclear translocation [3]. ORF3 (561 bp long) partially overlaps with ORF1 (191 bp) and ORF2 (17 bp) and encodes the NP1 protein (186 aa) [2], which plays an essential role in accumulating capsid mRNAs and proteins [3]. Genetic differences in the coding genes for NS1, NP1 and VP1/VP2 allow three genotypes to be distinguished: CBoV1, CBoV2, CBoV3.…”