A Novel Reclaiming Agent for Ground Rubber Tyre (GRT). Part 1: Property Evaluation of Virgin Natural Rubber (NR)/Novel Reclaimed GRT Blend Compounds

Premachandra, Jagath K.; Edirisinghe, D. G.; Silva, M.I.A. De

doi:10.1177/147776061102700103

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The above behavior at extended periods of milling was also observed by Premachandra et al from their study conducted on mechanochemical reclaiming of GRT using an amino compound. 40 As expected, the Mooney viscosity plot (Figure 2) takes almost a similar pattern to the initial plasticity plot. Mooney viscosity plot confirms chain/cross-link scission at 5-and 10-min milling time and rejoining of broken ends of cross-links/polymer chains at 7.5 and 12.5 min milling time in the absence of any reclaiming agents.…”

Section: Physicochemical Characterization Of Mechanically Reclaimed Rubbersupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The drop in initial plasticity indicates that main chain scission and/or cross-link scission has taken place and urea, an amino compound, may have opened up sulfur cross-links as a nucleophilic agent. 33,40 Hence, plasticity results indicate that urea is effective as a reclaiming agent. It is reported that nucleophilic agents cause selective scission of sulfur bonds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The above behavior at extended periods of milling was also observed by Premachandra et al from their study conducted on mechanochemical reclaiming of GRT using an amino compound. 40…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of blends of virgin nitrile rubber and compounded nitrile rubber latex waste reclaimed with urea. Part 1: Cure characteristics

Perera

Edirisinghe

Karunanayake

2020

Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology

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The objectives of this study were to develop a cost-effective, environmental-friendly, mechanochemical reclaiming process for compounded nitrile rubber (NBR) latex waste generated from the dipping and treatment plants of the glove manufacturing process and evaluate properties of reclaimed NBR and virgin NBR/reclaimed NBR blend compounds. Initially, compounded NBR latex waste containing NBR latex mixed with compounding ingredients was dried and reclaimed mechanically by varying the milling time from 0 min to 12.5 min at 2.5-min time interval. Properties such as initial plasticity, Mooney viscosity, swelling, and cross-link density of the mechanically reclaimed NBR samples were evaluated. Also, a series of mechanochemically reclaimed NBR samples were produced using urea and varying its amount from 0 phr to10 phr at 2 phr intervals and milling according to the selected milling time. The mechanochemically reclaimed NBR samples were also tested for the above properties. Finally, a reclaimed NBR sample was prepared by applying the best urea loading and the optimum milling time. Further, a series of virgin NBR/reclaimed NBR blend compounds was prepared by varying the reclaimed NBR from 0% to 70% at 10% interval. Cure characteristics of the above blend compounds were evaluated and compared with those of the 100% virgin NBR (control) compound. Initial plasticity and Mooney viscosity of mechanochemically reclaimed NBR revealed that urea is effective as a reclaiming agent for dried compounded NBR latex waste. Results in overall indicated that 5 min is the optimum milling time and 6 phr is the optimum loading of urea required to produce the best reclaimed NBR in terms of properties and energy consumption. Minimum torque and cure time of the 50:50 virgin NBR/reclaimed rubber blend compound were higher compared to the control, whereas scorch time, maximum torque, and cure rate index of the former were lower compared to the latter.

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Section: Physicochemical Characterization Of Mechanically Reclaimed Rubbersupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Characterization of blends of virgin nitrile rubber and compounded nitrile rubber latex waste reclaimed with urea. Part 1: Cure characteristics

Perera

Edirisinghe

Karunanayake

2020

Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology

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“…The properties of rubber compounds produced by blending virgin natural rubber with ground rubber tyre which was modified using a readily available, environmentally friendly, low-cost amino compound were evaluated and presented in the research article [17]. This study revealed that the amino compound acts as a devulcanising/reclaiming agent for ground rubber tyre.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of Tyre Manufacturing Process

Shanbag¹,

Manjare²

2020

J. sustain. dev. energy water environ. syst.

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Due to the phenomenal growth in the transport sector as a part of rapid urbanization, especially in the Indian sub-continent where transportation of goods and people are essentially done through the existing road associated with production of tyres and to identify the grey areas in which enough network, tyre industries have seen a rapid growth. In view of this, it is important that sustainability of tyre industry is maintained without its adverse effect on the environment. The objectives of this particular study are to identify and quantify the potential environmental impacts scope is there for further improvements. Life cycle assessment is a tool to evaluate the environmental impacts of any product or a process. In this work, life cycle assessment has been used to identify the environmental impacts associated with the tyre manufacturing process. The gate-to-gate approach has been used for this study of tyre production. The detailed data required for this study were obtained from MRF Industries, Usgao, Goa, India. Computations of the life cycle impact assessment results are achieved using SimaPro software with IMPACT 2002+ method. From the results it is noted that there is a significant impact on the environment due to emissions from the generation of electrical energy and steam in the plant under study along with emissions due to various operations in the tyre production process. The major environmental impact categories which are affected due to these processes are respiratory inorganics, aquatic acidification, terrestrial acidification/nitrification and to some extent aquatic eutrophication. Further, it is also observed that there is significant emission of particulate matter from the Banbary section of the tyre production process. This study reveals that the emissions of particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide from tyre production process are significant. The life cycle assessment results obtained for the MRF tyre are compared with the life cycle assessment results of the Tweel tyre invented by Michelin, Bridgestone tyre, Goodyear tyre, Nokia tyre and comparative life cycle assessment results for a conventional tyre and a guayule rubber-based tyre. From a comparison among all above mentioned case studies, it is observed that major environmental impacts of tyres depend primarily on product design and usage. Significant reduction in environmental impact due to tyre production is possible if the source of electricity is nonconventional. Reduction in weight and rolling resistance of the tyre will also lead in significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions during its use.

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“…Saiwari et al [6] devulcanized GTR from whole passenger car tires after swelling of GTR in a mixture of an oil and a devulcanisation aid before devulcanisation to achieve a more homogenous breakdown of the crosslink network. Edirisinghe et al studied physico-mechanical properties of virgin NR/novel reclaimed ground rubber tyre (85/15) blend vulcanisates [7,8]. Results revealed that the abrasion volume loss of blends of virgin NR and novel reclaimed rubber revulcanisates is lower than that of revulcanisate prepared with a blend of 85/15 virgin NR/ reclaimed rubber produced locally, and comparable with that of 100% NR vulcanisate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Devulcanised Rubber in Fresh Rubber Compounds: Impact of Filler Correction on Vulcanisate Properties

Joseph

Alex

George

2017

Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology

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Carbon black filled natural rubber (NR) vulcanisate with known composition and properties were mechanically devulcanized by shearing in a laboratory two roll mill. The efficiency of devulcanisation was determined through crosslink density measurements. In order to simulate the end-of-life rubber products, mechanical devulcanisation of samples aged at standard laboratory conditions were also carried out. The devulcanized rubber prepared from un-aged and aged samples were incorporated in fresh compounds at three different proportions viz. 85/15, 75/25 and 60/40. A comparative study of such blends, where the filler present in the devulcanized rubber is also considered active and corresponding reduction is made in the formulation and the other case where the filler present in the devulcanized rubber is rendered passive, showed that there is a chance to optimize the vulcanizate properties of the blends of virgin rubber and devulcanized rubber by adjusting the compounding strategies. A combination of simple mechanical devulcanisation and optimization of the amount of filler while blending the devulcanised rubber with fresh compounds can give promising results.

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A Novel Reclaiming Agent for Ground Rubber Tyre (GRT). Part 1: Property Evaluation of Virgin Natural Rubber (NR)/Novel Reclaimed GRT Blend Compounds

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Characterization of blends of virgin nitrile rubber and compounded nitrile rubber latex waste reclaimed with urea. Part 1: Cure characteristics

Characterization of blends of virgin nitrile rubber and compounded nitrile rubber latex waste reclaimed with urea. Part 1: Cure characteristics

Life Cycle Assessment of Tyre Manufacturing Process

Incorporation of Devulcanised Rubber in Fresh Rubber Compounds: Impact of Filler Correction on Vulcanisate Properties

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