A novel Pythagorean fuzzy-SWARA-TOPSIS framework for evaluating the EU progress towards sustainable energy development

Challenges to corporate social responsibility adoption for sustainability: A picture fuzzy approach

“…Additionally, the proposed method can be applied to other ranking problems related to sustainability and CSR. Finally, it can be used under different fuzzy environments, such as Fermatean fuzzy sets (Kamali Saraji et al, 2021) and Pythagorean fuzzy sets (Kamali Saraji et al, 2022).…”

“…$$${\hat{x}}_{{ij}}={\widetilde{x}}_{{ij}}\ast {w}_{i}\unicode{x02007}(i=1,\text{\unicode{x02026}},m{\rm{;}}\unicode{x02007}j=1,\text{\unicode{x02026}}.,n).$$$ Step 7. (Kamali Saraji et al, 2022) Determining the positive ideal solution (PIS) and the negative ideal solution (NIS)Equations () and () are used to determine the PIS and NIS. $$${A}^{+}=\{(\mathop{\max }\limits_{i}{\hat{x}}_{{ij}}|j\in J),(\mathop{\min }\limits_{i}{\hat{x}}_{{ij}}|j\in \acute{J})|i=1,\text{\unicode{x02026}},m\}=\left\{{x}_{1}^{+},{x}_{2}^{+},\text{\unicode{x02026}},{x}_{n}^{+}\right\},$$$ $$${A}^{-}=\{(\mathop{\min }\limits_{i}{\hat{x}}_{{ij}}|j\in J),(\mathop{\max }\limits_{i}{\hat{x}}_{{ij}}|j\in \acute{J})|i=1,\text{\unicode{x02026}},m\}==\left\{{x}_{1}^{-},{x}_{2}^{-},\text{\unicode{x02026}},{x}_{n}^{-}\right\},$$$where …”

“…Step 7. (Kamali Saraji et al, 2022) Determining the positive ideal solution (PIS) and the negative ideal solution (NIS)…”

“…Step 7. (Kamali Saraji et al, 2022) Determining the positive ideal solution (PIS) and the negative ideal solution (NIS) Equations ( 18) and ( 19) are used to determine the PIS and NIS.…”

Determination of Country-Specific Criteria Weights for Long-Term Energy Planning in Europe

“…Kamali Saraji et al [39] introduced a framework, employing Pythagorean fuzzy sets, to rank EU members based on their progress in sustainable energy development. Several criteria were utilized to evaluate the progress of the EU countries towards energy union goals.…”