A novel progressive spongiform encephalopathy in cattle

Wells, G. A. H.; Scott, A. C.; Johnson, C.T.; Gunning, RF; Hancock, Roger; Jeffrey, Martin; Dawson, Margaret; Bradley, R.

doi:10.1136/vr.121.18.419

Cited by 934 publications

(508 citation statements)

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“…Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs), which include Creutzfeldt-Jackob disease (CJD) in humans (Bruce et al, 1997;Collinge et al, 1996;Hill et al, 1997), Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in cows (Wells et al, 1987), Scrapie in sheep (McGowan, 1922), or Chronic Waste Disease (CWD) in elk and deer (Wells et al, 1987), are infective diseases promoted by the re-folding of the host-protein cellular prion (PrP c ) into a pathological, protease K-resistant and -sheet-enriched form (PrP sc or PrP res ) (Prusiner, 1982). Despite extensive neuropathological studies into prion diseases, it is still unclear whether the toxicity of PrP sc or the loss-of-function of intrinsic PrP c is responsible for the neurodegeneration observed in these pathologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into cellular prion protein (PrPc) functions: The “ying and yang” of a relevant protein

Nicolas

Gavı́n

Rı́o

2009

Brain Research Reviews

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into cellular prion protein (PrPc) functions: The “ying and yang” of a relevant protein

Nicolas

Gavı́n

Rı́o

2009

Brain Research Reviews

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“…Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) first described in 1986 [19], is a cattle disease causing lesions in the central nervous system. The large extent of the epidemic during the nineteen-nineties in the United Kingdom, as well as the fact that it was observed progressively in several other countries, have pushed the authorities and researchers to look more closely at the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case-control study on feed risk factors for BSE cases born after the feed ban in France

Jarrige¹,

Ducrot²,

Cazeau³

et al. 2007

Vet. Res.

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-In France, after the ban on meat and bone meal (MBM) in cattle feeding in June 1990, cases of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) have continued to be detected in bovines born after that ban (called BAB cases). A case-control study was therefore carried out to determine the way these cases were contaminated. A multivariate conditional model was built adjusting for the production type of the animals and taking into account the herd size. The results confirmed that feeding cattle with proprietary concentrates was at risk for BSE, with an adjusted odds ratio of 6.8 (2.5; 18.7) for the consumption of less or three different proprietary concentrates and 17.6 (5.7; 54.8) for more than three, when comparing with no consumption of proprietary concentrates, considering feeding of bovines before the age of two. The results suggest that cross-contaminations by MBM in bovine concentrates have occurred after 1990. To a lesser extent, on-farm cross-contaminations, i.e. consumption by cattle of feedstuffs initially dedicated to other animals and which could legally contain MBM, have probably also existed, since the presence on farms of poultry fed purchased feed involved an increased risk of BSE with an odds ratio of 1.8 (1.1; 3.0). The use of milk replacers, which often incorporates animal fats, was also at risk with an odds ratio of 1.8 (1.0; 3.1).BSE / cross-contamination / cattle feeding / proprietary concentrates / France

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“…Different studies carried out in the UK showed that autumn-born dairy cattle appeared to be at a higher risk of infection than springborn dairy cattle [12,39,62,66]. This has also been confirmed in a recent study carried out in France, which showed that French dairy cows born from July to September were at a higher risk for BSE 12 .…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…It was characterised by slowly progressive neurological disorders of adult cattle [62], always lethal, with various and inconstant clinical signs related to mental status, sensation, posture and movement, as well as body loss and reduced milk yield, that were precisely described by Cranwell et al [22] and Wilesmith et al [64]. Based on pathology changes, that were characterized by brain stem grey matter vacuolisation and scrapie associated fibrils, pathologists evidenced a spongiform encephalopathy [62] and the first transmission to mice was published in 1988 [35]. In an early stage, epidemiology took an important part in the understanding of the disease, through different studies carried out by Wilesmith et al [64][65][66] that evidenced the role of meat and bone meal (MBM) as the major route of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the epidemiology and dynamics of BSE epidemics

Ducrot¹,

et al. 2008

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-The paper describes how the comprehensive surveillance of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and studies carried out on these data has enhanced our knowledge of the epidemiology of BSE. Around 7 000 BSE cases were detected through the screening of about 50 million cattle with rapid tests in Europe. It confirmed that the clinical surveillance had a poor capacity to detect cases, and also showed the discrepancy of this passive surveillance efficiency between regions and production types (dairy/beef). Other risk factors for BSE were being in a dairy herd (three times more than beef), having a young age at first calving (for dairy cattle), being autumn-born (dairy and beef), and being in a herd with a very high milk yield. These findings focus the risk on the feeding regimen of calves/heifers. Several epidemiological studies across countries suggest that the feedborne source related to meat and bone meal (MBM) is the only substantiated route of infection -even after the feed ban -, while it is not possible to exclude maternal transmission or milk replacers as a source of some infections. In most European countries, the average age of the cases is increasing over time and the prevalence decreasing, which reflects the effectiveness of control measures. Consistent results on the trend of the epidemic were obtained using back-calculation modelling, the R 0 approach and Age-Period-Cohort models. Furthermore, active surveillance also resulted in the finding of atypical cases. These are distinct from previously found BSE and classified in two different forms based on biochemical characteristics; their prevalence is very low (36 cases up to 1st September 2007), affected animals were old and some of them displayed clinical signs. The origin and possibility of natural transmission is unknown.

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A novel progressive spongiform encephalopathy in cattle

Cited by 934 publications

References 0 publications

New insights into cellular prion protein (PrPc) functions: The “ying and yang” of a relevant protein

New insights into cellular prion protein (PrPc) functions: The “ying and yang” of a relevant protein

Case-control study on feed risk factors for BSE cases born after the feed ban in France

Review on the epidemiology and dynamics of BSE epidemics

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