A novel process for recycling and resynthesizing LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from the cathode scraps intended for lithium-ion batteries

Zhang, Xihua; Xie, Yongbing; Cao, Hongbin; Nawaz, Faheem; Zhang, Yi

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2014.05.023

Cited by 120 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In order to recover the valuable metals from several types of LIBs, measures have been reported involving mechanical processes [15], mechano-chemical processes [16], thermal treatment [17,18], and dissolution processes. Subsequently, chemical processes mainly involve the use of hydrometallurgical operations to carry out the recovery of valuable metals; these include acid leaching [19][20][21], chemical precipitation [22,23], solvent extraction [24,25], ion-exchange [26], and electrochemistry [27]. Thus far, approaches for recycling valuable metals in LIBs mainly use pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Valuable Metals from Lithium-Ion Batteries NMC Cathode Waste Materials by Hydrometallurgical Methods

Chen

2018

Metals

126

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The paper focuses on the improved process of metal recovery from lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathode waste materials by using hydrometallurgical methods. In the acid leaching step, the essential effects of acidity concentration, H 2 O 2 concentration, leaching time, liquid-solid mass ratio, and reaction temperature with the leaching percentage were investigated in detail. The cathode material was leached with 2M H 2 SO 4 and 10 vol. % H 2 O 2 at 70 • C and 300 rpm using a liquid-solid mass ratio of 30 mL/g. In order to complete the recovery process, this paper designs the proper separation process to recover valuable metals. The leach liquor in the recovery process uses Cyanex 272 to first extract Co and Mn to the organic phase. Secondly, Co and Mn are separated by using D2EHPA, and a high purity of Co is obtained. Thirdly, Ni is selectively precipitated by using DMG, and Ni is completely formed as a solid complex. Finally, in the chemical precipitation process, the remaining Li in the leach liquor is recovered as Li 2 CO 3 precipitated by saturated Na 2 CO 3 , and Co, Mn, and Ni are recovered as hydroxides by NaOH. This hydrometallurgical process may provide an effective separation and recovery of valuable metals from LIBs waste cathode materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Valuable Metals from Lithium-Ion Batteries NMC Cathode Waste Materials by Hydrometallurgical Methods

Chen

2018

Metals

126

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“…Another natural organic acid, lactic acid was used as a leaching reagent to resynthesize the NCM by Li et al [68] The recovered cathode exhibited the discharge capacity of 138 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles with the same sol-gel process. [76] Zhang et al [77] used a technology comprises fluoro-organic acid leaching, coprecipitation, ball milling, and solid-state reaction to obtain NCM material. In this work, the preparation of NCM from D,L malic acid leachate has been calcined at various temperatures to acquire good electrochemical performance.…”

Section: Resynthesis Of Ncmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

Natarajan

Aravindan

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

210

126

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Where sustainability is concerned, recycling of reutilizable wastes will always occupy the apex of the green chemistry research. Handling electronic wastes in a green manner without affecting the ecology and human health is one of the main challenges for material chemists and gains top priority among other fields of research. At present, handling and recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is a key priority. Due to these environmental concerns, massive interest has been triggered in various crystal structures of metal oxides, and different kinds of carbon materials that provide the opportunities to replace the commercial LIBs for energy storage and conversion applications in a cost‐effective manner. Reports are available on the recycling of spent LIBs, but these reports mainly focus on the metal recovery process rather than finding suitable applications for the recovered material. This present work exclusively summarizes the global demand for LIB raw materials, tactics in the resynthesis process along with the wide range of growing applications of spent LIB materials. Finally, the future prospects of applications that utilize spent LIB materials are addressed.

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“…Lithium cannot be detected by the EDS probe analysis [33], but the other metals in the cathode scraps are in accordance with the ICP result (Table 1). Carbon and fluorine are also determined due to the addition of conductive additives and organic binders such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) during the cathode fabrication process [7,22,34]. From the XRD pattern of the cathode scraps [22], the LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 phase is undoubtedly confirmed.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Cathode Scrapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S1) [49] and binder PTFE [22] in the cathode scraps can hardly be dissolved in the TCA solution, they remain as an ''ash'' layer after leaching. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Leaching Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous research [22], we developed a compact and environment-friendly recycling process, in which the LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 cathode scraps were directly immersed in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) solution. When we tried to synthesize precursors for LIBs from the leachate by co-precipitation method, it was necessary to remove Al 3+ in the leachate, but part of Ni 2+ , Co 2+ and Mn 2+ would be lost during this process [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A closed-loop process for recycling LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from the cathode scraps of lithium-ion batteries: Process optimization and kinetics analysis

Zhang

Cao²,

Xie

et al. 2015

Separation and Purification Technology

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186

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A novel process for recycling and resynthesizing LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from the cathode scraps intended for lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 120 publications

References 35 publications

Recovery of Valuable Metals from Lithium-Ion Batteries NMC Cathode Waste Materials by Hydrometallurgical Methods

Recovery of Valuable Metals from Lithium-Ion Batteries NMC Cathode Waste Materials by Hydrometallurgical Methods

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

A closed-loop process for recycling LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from the cathode scraps of lithium-ion batteries: Process optimization and kinetics analysis

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