A novel principle for an ion mirror design in time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Scherer, S.; Altwegg, Kathrin; Balsiger, H.; Fischer, J.; Jäckel, A.; Korth, A.; Mildner, Martin; Piazza, Daniele; Rème, H.; Würz, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2006.01.025

Cited by 59 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This spectrometer is able to detect ions and molecules from 1 amu/e to 300 amu/e and has a high temporal resolution of 200 s (Scherer et al 2006;Balsiger et al 2007).…”

Section: Description Of the Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The heterogeneous coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by ROSINA: H₂O, CO₂, and CO from September 2014 to February 2016

Hoang

Altwegg

Balsiger

et al. 2017

A&A

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Context. The ESA Rosetta mission has been investigating the environment of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) since August 2014. Among the experiments on board the spacecraft, the ROSINA experiment (Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis) includes two mass spectrometers to analyse the composition of neutrals and ions and a COmet Pressure Sensor (COPS) to monitor the density and velocity of neutrals in the coma. Aims. We study heterogeneities in the coma during three periods starting in October 2014 (summer in the northern hemisphere) and ending in February 2016 (end of winter in the northern hemisphere). We provide a detailed description of the main volatiles dynamics (H 2 O, CO 2 , CO) and their abundance ratios. Methods. We analysed and compared the data of the Reflectron-type Time-Of-Flight (RTOF) mass spectrometer with data from both the Double Focusing Mass Spectrometer (DFMS) and COPS during the comet escort phase. This comparison has demonstrated that the observations performed with each ROSINA sensor are indeed consistent. Furthermore, we used a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) model to compare modelled densitites with in situ detections. Results. Our analysis shows how the active regions of the main volatiles evolve with the seasons with a variability mostly driven by the illumination conditions; this is the case except for an unexpected dichotomy suggesting the presence of a dust layer containing water deposited in the northern hemisphere during previous perihelions hiding the presence of CO 2 . The influence of various parameters is investigated in detail: distance to the comet, heliocentric distance, longitude and latitude of sub-satellite point, local time, and phase angle.

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“…This spectrometer is able to detect ions and molecules from 1 amu/e to 300 amu/e and has a high temporal resolution of 200 s (Scherer et al 2006;Balsiger et al 2007).…”

Section: Description Of the Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All three sensors are commonly operated through a data processing unit (DPU). RTOF has a wide mass range and a high temporal resolution (Scherer et al 2006), while DFMS has high mass resolution and sensitivity (Balsiger et al 2007). Both sensors were designed to measure the composition of the cometary neutral gas along with cometary ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The heterogeneous coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by ROSINA: H₂O, CO₂, and CO from September 2014 to February 2016

Hoang

Altwegg

Balsiger

et al. 2017

A&A

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“…2 , where m (amu) is mass t (ns) denotes time of flight and c, t 0 are calibration constants, which are determined experimentally [28]. Because the values of c and t 0 constants depend on the voltage settings of the reflectron and the other ion optical components, they can be subject of minor changes.…”

Section: Mass Spectrometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

On Applicability of a Miniaturised Laser Ablation Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer for Trace Elements Measurements

Tulej

Riedo

Iakovleva

et al. 2012

International Journal of Spectroscopy

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We present results from mass spectrometric analysis of NIST standard materials and meteoritic samples conducted by a miniaturised laser ablation mass spectrometer designed for space research. The mass analyser supports investigation with a mass resolution (m/Δm) ≈ 500-600 and dynamic range within seven decades. Nevertheless, to maintain an optimal spectral quality laser irradiances lower than ∼1 GW/cm 2 are applied so far which results in a spread of RSC values. To achieve the quantitative performance of mass analyser, various effects influencing RSC factors have to be investigated. In this paper we investigate influence of laser irradiance, sampling procedure and plasma chemistry on the quantitative elemental and isotopic analysis. The studies indicate necessity for accurate control of laser characteristics and acquisition procedure. A relatively low irradiance applied causes a negligible sample damage and allows for accumulation of large number of waveforms from one sample location. The procedure yields statistically well averaged data and allows a sensitive in-depth analysis. The quantitative analyses of isotopic composition can be performed with accuracy and precision better as 1% and 2%, for isotopic patterns of elements and clusters, respectively. The numerical integration methods would be preferred to achieve more accurate results. The measurements of Allende sample yield detection of Pb isotopic pattern, nevertheless cluster species are readily observed in spectrum and make the elemental analysis of other trace elements difficult due to isobaric interferences. These detections are of a considerable interest because of possible application of the instrument for in situ elemental and isotopic analysis and radiometric dating of solids.

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“…As a part of this experiment our Neutral Gas Mass Spectrometer (NGMS) was selected to detect and analyse the volatile species in the lunar soil. The NGMS is a time-of-flight type mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) with a grid-less ion mirror (reflectron) integrated in the ion path to enhance mass spectrometric performance [Scherer et al, 2006]. The ions are generated out of the neutral gas by electron impact ionisation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prototype of the gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer to investigate volatile species in the lunar soil for the Luna-Resurs mission

Hofer

Würz

Buch

et al. 2015

Planetary and Space Science

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In preparation for the Russian Luna-Glob and Luna-Resurs missions we combined our compact timeof-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) with a chemical pre-separation of the species by gas chromatography (GC). Combined measurements with both instruments were successfully performed with the laboratory prototype of the mass spectrometer and a flight-like gas chromatograph. The system was tested both with a mix of hydrocarbons and a mixture of noble gases. Due to its capability to record mass spectra over the full mass range at once with high sensitivity and a dynamic range of up to 10 6 within 1s, the TOF-MS system is a valuable extension of the GC analysis. The combined GC-MS complex is able to detect concentrations of volatile species in the soil sample of about 2·10 -9 by mass.

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A novel principle for an ion mirror design in time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Cited by 59 publications

References 21 publications

The heterogeneous coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by ROSINA: H₂O, CO₂, and CO from September 2014 to February 2016

The heterogeneous coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by ROSINA: H₂O, CO₂, and CO from September 2014 to February 2016

On Applicability of a Miniaturised Laser Ablation Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer for Trace Elements Measurements

Prototype of the gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer to investigate volatile species in the lunar soil for the Luna-Resurs mission

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A novel principle for an ion mirror design in time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Cited by 59 publications

References 21 publications

The heterogeneous coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by ROSINA: H2O, CO2, and CO from September 2014 to February 2016

The heterogeneous coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by ROSINA: H2O, CO2, and CO from September 2014 to February 2016

On Applicability of a Miniaturised Laser Ablation Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer for Trace Elements Measurements

Prototype of the gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer to investigate volatile species in the lunar soil for the Luna-Resurs mission

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The heterogeneous coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by ROSINA: H₂O, CO₂, and CO from September 2014 to February 2016

The heterogeneous coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by ROSINA: H₂O, CO₂, and CO from September 2014 to February 2016