A novel porous carbon derived from hydrothermal carbon for efficient adsorption of tetracycline

Characterization and ammonia adsorption of biochar prepared from distillers' grains anaerobic digestion residue with different pyrolysis temperatures

“…According to IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) classification, 36 the N 2 isotherm of BR was of type III (macro-porous adsorption with weak adsorbate-adsorbent interaction), which indicated that the BR possessed less developed porous structure. 22 The BRC300 and BRC400 were of typeIand IV (micro-pore adsorption and appearance of adsorption hysteresis, respectively), which indicated the appearance of micro-and meso-porous structures. The N 2 isotherms of BRC500, BRC600, BRC700 and BRC800 evolved to typeI(micro-pore adsorption), which reflected the micro-porous structure evolution.…”

“…22 In detail, each sample (0.5 g) was accurately weighed, and then reacted with 25.0 mL of 0.05 mol L −1 sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ), sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen chloride (HCl), respectively. Continuous mixing was provided by a reciprocating oscillator which was also used to control the temperature (25 ∘ C) and shaking rate (140 rpm) for 48 h. Then the solutions were immediately filtered through a 0.45 m filter membrane.…”

“…The other four peaks may be assigned to the decomposition of most thermo-labile fractions of organic matter including cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin during the pyrolysis process. 22,24,28 The slow carbonization process of residual lignin led to the wide and flat DTG peak. 22 Hence, the different pyrolysis temperatures of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 ∘ C for the prepared BRC samples represented the decomposition degree of different components within the BR sample.…”

“…22,24,28 The slow carbonization process of residual lignin led to the wide and flat DTG peak. 22 Hence, the different pyrolysis temperatures of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 ∘ C for the prepared BRC samples represented the decomposition degree of different components within the BR sample. Table 1 displays the pyrolysis yields (PY) of BR as a function of pyrolysis temperature.…”

“…37 Differences in FTIR spectra reflected structural changes of organic matter and concentration variation of mineral components due to heat-induced mass losses. 22 Various bands in the spectra represented vibrations of functional groups of biochars. The FTIR spectra of the resulting BRC samples are represented in Fig.…”