A novel polymeric flocculant based on polyacrylamide grafted carboxymethylstarch

Adsorption Properties of Copper (II) Ion From Aqueous Solution by Starch-Grafted Polyacrylamide and Crosslinked Starch-Grafted Polyacrylamide

“…Starch-grafted polyacrylamide (SA) is the copolymerization product of starch and acrylamide, which has been widely used in many fields such as papermaking, spinning, petroleum well drilling, medicine, daily chemicals, and floatation [16][17][18]. Khalil and Farag [19] reported the use of SA as an adsorbent for removing heavy metal cations from aqueous solution.…”

Synthesis, properties and performance of organic polymers employed in flocculation applications

“…In addition, this method produced higher quality copolymer products with higher molecular weight, thereby higher flocculation efficiency was observed. 11,12 Polymers 1 and 2 were also shown to have better flocculation efficiency compared to carboxymethyl starch and natural starch, respectively. 11,12 These results were in agreement with Singh's Easy Approachability Model.…”

“…Sen et al reported the synthesis of polymer 1 by grafting PAM onto carboxymethyl starch using both a conventional redox grafting (CRG) method and a microwave initiated (MWI) method. 12 Similarly, a recent study conducted by Mishra et al reported microwave assisted (MWA) synthesis of PAM grafted natural starch to produce polymer 2. 11 All of these methods involved the initial formation of free radicals on the polysaccharide backbone prior to the polymerization of the monomer (Scheme 2).…”

“…11 All of these methods involved the initial formation of free radicals on the polysaccharide backbone prior to the polymerization of the monomer (Scheme 2). 11,12 The same notation used in Scheme 2 will be used for Scheme 2 Example mechanistic pathway for the synthesis of starch graft copolymer via: (i) formation of free radical on the polysaccharide backbone, (ii) propagation of monomer M, and (iii) termination of graft copolymerization. subsequent natural polymers in this review article.…”

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“…The commercial tapioca pearls, also known as sago, contain about 60% starch and the main content present in tapioca starch is amylopectin, which is in the range of 69 to 76% [11]. Amylopectin is a highly branched polymer of α-D-glucopyranosyl units linked together by 1→4 linkages and having branches linked with main chain with 1→6 linkages [12,13]. The biodegradability of the natural polymers acts as a drawback in that it reduces storage life as well as performance and they are required at high doses in flocculation process.On the other hand high molecular weighted synthetic polymers, such as polyacrylamides (PAM), are very effective flocculating agents.…”