A novel planar miniaturized potentiometric sensor for flow injection analysis of nitrates in wastewaters, fertilizers and pharmaceuticals

Techniques in Advancing the Capabilities of Various Nitrate Detection Methods: A Review

“…As reported in [12], most indirect methods are time-consuming, require control of the working/reaction condition, suffer from interference by other ions and are not feasible for small quantities of nitrate measurement.…”

“…Among the examples of indirect methods are reduction of nitrate ions into ammonium, nitrite gas followed by gasometry [12], determination of nitrate via vadium (|||) chloride [13], spectrophotometric [14], and UV resonance Raman spectroscopy [15]. As reported in [12], most indirect methods are time-consuming, require control of the working/reaction condition, suffer from interference by other ions and are not feasible for small quantities of nitrate measurement.…”

“…The most popular direct method is potentiometry [6,12]. Unfortunately, interference from contaminants in water that leads to measurement error is the problem faced by most direct methods [19].…”

Microfluidic Polymer Chip with an Embedded Ion-Selective Electrode Detector for Nitrate-Ion Assay in Environmental Samples

“…The use of a micromachining process for microfluidic chips is useful for mass production, but such a process is very complicated for chip design studies. Hassan et al 28 reported a miniature chip with an all-solid state miniaturized NO3 --ISE. However, the microfluidic chip on system uses a conventional Ag/AgCl reference electrode.…”

Developing a novel paper-based enzymatic biosensor assisted by digital image processing and first-order multivariate calibration for rapid determination of nitrate in food samples

“…Some analytical methods have been developed for determination of nitrate such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/UV), 4 spectrophotometry, 5 electrophoresis, 6 gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), liquid chromatography (LC), 7 photometrical method, 8 potentiometric sensor, 9 and electrochemical methods. [10][11][12][13][14][15] Most of these techniques are expensive and indirect, handling of them needs highly trained technicians and sophisticated instruments.…”