A Novel Physical Mobility Task to Assess Freezers in Parkinson’s Disease

Abstract

Freezing of gait (FOG), one of the most disabling features of Parkinson’s disease (PD), is a brief episodic absence or marked reduction in stride progression despite the intention to walk. Progressively more people who experience FOG restrict their walking and reduce their level of physical activity. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a physical mobility task that induces freezing of gait in a controlled environment, employing known triggers of FOG episodes according to the literature. To validate the physical mobility tasks, we recruited 10 volunteers that suffered PD-associated freezing (60.6 ± 7.29 years-old) with new FOG-Q ranging from 12 to 26. The validation of the proposed method was carried out using inertial sensors and video recordings. All subjects were assessed during the OFF and ON medication states. The total number of FOG occurrences during data collection was 144. The proposed tasks were able to trigger 120 FOG episodes, while the TUG test caused 24. The Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) with accelerometer and gyroscope could not only detect FOG episodes but also allowed us to visualize the three types of FOG: akinesia, festination and trembling in place.

Assisted technology in Parkinson's disease gait: what's up?

“…20 Other studies monitoring gait parameters in PD used wearable sensors or wearable devices based on different types of sensors. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Figure 1 Flow diagram of literature search strategy.…”

“…20 Other studies monitoring gait parameters in PD used wearable sensors or wearable devices based on different types of sensors. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39…”

“…35 Sensors may also be placed under smart shoes and inertial microelectromechanical system sensors attached to the patients to measure stride length, gait velocity, range of motion of the ankle, knee, and hip joints of individuals with PD. 36 Other studies are focusing on developing new SWD to detect the occurrence of freezing of gait (FOG) and its discrimination in PD (freezing, shuffling, and trembling), 37 and promising resources may be launched in the near future. 38 These AP have also been tested to discriminate PD individuals from healthy controls.…”