A novel perforated electrode flow through cell design for chlorine generation

Abstract

Chlorination remains a predominant method for disinfecting drinking water. Electrogeneration of chlorine has the potential to become the favoured method of chlorine production if costs can be lowered and chlorine generation efficiencies can be improved. A novel perforated electrode flow through (PEFT) cell design has been developed to address these problems. The electrodes were made from low-cost graphite sheets and stainless steel mesh and separated by a non-conducting fabric membrane. This electrode configuration allows reduction of electrode separation to 0.1 mm or less, minimizing cell resistance and increasing electrical efficiency. The new PEFT configuration generates hypochlorite from a 0.5 mol L -1 brine at a current efficiency of better than 60%. As an inline in situ device, it produces chlorine concentrations known to be sufficient to disinfect water, from chloride concentrations as low as 0.004 mol L -1 (available in most natural waters) by a single pass of the water through the cell operating at 11 V. The possibility of a portable device operated by a 12-V battery is indicated.

Drinking Water Electrochlorination in a Single-Pass Biomimetic Flow Cell with Zero Salt Dosing

“…This shorter contact time between the water and the electrodes may lead to insufficient interaction for complete chlorine generation. This effect was also reported in previous studies. , These trends are represented in a main effects plot (Supporting Information, Figure S2). The results of these experiments are in agreement with previous studies. , These variables were selected for further optimization study.…”

Biofilm removal efficacy using direct electric current in cross-flow ultrafiltration processes for water treatment

“…At a high velocity of 0.183 m/s, the electrochemical process produced 0.7 mg/L and 2.2 mg/L of free and total chlorine, respectively. The same behavior of chlorine amount was previously observed in a research study established by Nath et al [56]. They reported augmentation of active chlorine with the current density and its reduction with the increase of flow rate when they investigated the use of novel perforated graphite/stainless steel electrodes for electric current in the drinking water application.…”

Development of Portable Flow‐Through Electrochemical Sanitizing Unit to Generate Near Neutral Electrolyzed Water

“…Some NEW is produced using a developed circulating EW generating system with an undivided electrolytic cell using a NaCl/HCl solution (Xuan et al., ). However, an undivided electrolytic cell is limited by cell resistance, which results in low‐current and low‐power efficiencies, and at the same time, introduces rapid chlorate accumulation from the electrolysis of stagnant electrolytes (Grinberg, Skundin, & Tuseeva, ; Nath, Wang, Torrens, & Langdon, ).…”