A Novel Pathogenesis-Related Class 10 Protein Gly m 4l, Increases Resistance upon Phytophthora sojae Infection in Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)

Abstract

Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean, caused by Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae), is a destructive disease in many soybean planting regions worldwide. In a previous study, an expressed sequence tag (EST) homolog of the major allergen Pru ar 1 in apricot (Prunus armeniaca) was identified up-regulated in the highly resistant soybean ‘Suinong 10’ infected with P. sojae. Here, the full length of the EST was isolated using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). It showed the highest homolgy of 53.46% with Gly m 4 after comparison with the eight soybean allergen families reported and was named Gly m 4-like (Gly m 4l, GenBank accession no. HQ913577.1). The cDNA full length of Gly m 4l was 707 bp containing a 474 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 157 amino acids. Sequence analysis suggests that Gly m 4l contains a conserved ‘P-loop’ (phosphate-binding loop) motif at residues 47–55 aa and a Bet v 1 domain at residues 87–120 aa. The transcript abundance of Gly m 4l was significantly induced by P. sojae, salicylic acid (SA), NaCl, and also responded to methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) and ethylene (ET). The recombinant Gly m 4l protein showed RNase activity and displayed directly antimicrobial activity that inhibited hyphal growth and reduced zoospore release in P. sojae. Further analyses showed that the RNase activity of the recombinant protein to degrading tRNA was significantly affected in the presence of zeatin. Over-expression of Gly m 4l in susceptible ‘Dongnong 50’ soybean showed enhanced resistance to P. sojae. These results indicated that Gly m 4l protein played an important role in the defense of soybean against P. sojae infection.

GmWRKY31 and GmHDL56 Enhances Resistance to Phytophthora sojae by Regulating Defense-Related Gene Expression in Soybean

“…In previous studies, there were reports that a few of genes were induced by P. sojae , such as N-rich protein (Ludwig and Tenhaken, 2001), GmPR10 (Xu et al, 2014), GmPRP (Jiang et al, 2015), and Gly m 4l (Fan et al, 2015), then we speculate that there maybe P. sojae induced genes changed in their expression when the expression of GmWRKY31 or GmHDL56 is modified, which might affect the expression of GmNPR1 . So, in the follow-up work, it is valuable to make a deeper research on other P. sojae induced genes, defensive barriers and phytoalexins in transgenic soybean plants, and it would improve the interpretation of the findings that the mechanism of the GmWRKY31 and GmHDL56 enhances resistance.…”

The Pathogenesis Related Class 10 proteins in Plant Defense against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

“…Some PR-10 proteins also show antibacterial and antiviral activity. Ocatin inhibits the growth of phytopathogenic bacteria, such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Serratiamarcescens and Pseudomonas aureofaciens [83]. The PR-10 proteins from maize, ZmPR-10 and ZmPR-10.1 have antibacterial activity against bacteria P. syringae [9].…”

Soybean Stem Canker Caused by Diaporthe caulivora; Pathogen Diversity, Colonization Process, and Plant Defense Activation

“…PR1, PR2, PR3, PR4, PR5, and PR10 are constitutively expressed in soybean plants overexpressing NPR1 (nonexpressor of PR-1), leading to increased resistance to P. sojae (Fan et al, 2017). Similarly, PR10 overexpression increases resistance against P. sojae (Fan et al, 2015). Here, we show that a gene encoding a basic peroxidase (IPER) is rapidly induced in stem tissues infected with D. caulivora, and transcript continued accumulating during fungal colonization.…”