A novel parvovirus, Roe deer copiparvovirus, identified in Ixodes ricinus ticks

Lindén, Annick; Gilliaux, Gautier; Paternostre, Julien; Benzarti, Emna; Rivas, José; Desmecht, Daniël; Garigliany, Mutien-Marie

doi:10.1007/s11262-019-01661-3

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Phylogenetic analysis of the NS and VP proteins revealed that EqPV‐H shares <50% protein identity with its phylogenetic relatives in the genus Copiparvovirus , which infect pigs, cows, deer, sea lions, and horses. 16 , 32 , 34 , 38 , 39 To date, two further equine copiparvoviruses, namely, equine parvovirus cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and eqcopiparvovirus, have been identified in horses and sequenced. 34 , 38 Additionally, two earlier reports of equine parvoviruses exist in the literature.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine parvovirus hepatitis

Ramsauer

Badenhorst

Cavalleri

2021

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine parvovirus hepatitis

Ramsauer

Badenhorst

Cavalleri

2021

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…However, attention should be paid to this issue since there are reports of parvoviruses other than nPPVS. PPV1 was detected in rats [103], and another parvovirus (copivarvovirus) close to PPV4 was found in ticks that affected roe deer [104]. The potential transmission of nPPVs to other species is raised since some of these viruses have been detected in pork intended for human consumption, as is the case of PPV5 and PPV6 detected in pork chops [92] (Figure 3).…”

Section: Tropism Of Porcine Parvovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Novel Porcine Parvoviruses: Current State of Knowledge and Their Possible Implications in Clinical Syndromes in Pigs

Vargas-Bermudez,

Mogollon,

Franco-Rodriguez

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Parvoviruses (PVs) affect various animal species causing different diseases. To date, eight different porcine parvoviruses (PPV1 through PPV8) are recognized in the swine population, all of which are distributed among subfamilies and genera of the Parvoviridae family. PPV1 is the oldest and is recognized as the primary agent of SMEDI, while the rest of the PPVs (PPV2 through PPV8) are called novel PPVs (nPPVs). The pathogenesis of nPPVs is still undefined, and whether these viruses are putative disease agents is unknown. Structurally, the PPVs are very similar; the differences occur mainly at the level of their genomes (ssDNA), where there is variation in the number and location of the coding genes. Additionally, it is considered that the genome of PVs has mutation rates similar to those of ssRNA viruses, that is, in the order of 10−5–10−4 nucleotide/substitution/year. These mutations manifest mainly in the VP protein, constituting the viral capsid, affecting virulence, tropism, and viral antigenicity. For nPPVs, mutation rates have already been established that are similar to those already described; however, within this group of viruses, the highest mutation rate has been reported for PPV7. In addition to the mutations, recombinations are also reported, mainly in PPV2, PPV3, and PPV7; these have been found between strains of domestic pigs and wild boars and in a more significant proportion in VP sequences. Regarding affinity for cell types, nPPVs have been detected with variable prevalence in different types of organs and tissues; this has led to the suggestion that they have a broad tropism, although proportionally more have been found in lung and lymphoid tissue such as spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes. Regarding their epidemiology, nPPVs are present on all continents (except PPV8, only in Asia), and within pig farms, the highest prevalences detecting viral genomes have been seen in the fattener and finishing groups. The relationship between nPPVs and clinical manifestations has been complicated to establish. However, there is already some evidence that establishes associations. One of them is PPV2 with porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), where causality tests (PCR, ISH, and histopathology) lead to proposing the PPV2 virus as a possible agent involved in this syndrome. With the other nPPVs, there is still no clear association with any pathology. These have been detected in different systems (respiratory, reproductive, gastrointestinal, urinary, and nervous), and there is still insufficient evidence to classify them as disease-causing agents. In this regard, nPPVs (except PPV8) have been found to cause porcine reproductive failure (PRF), with the most prevalent being PPV4, PPV6, and PPV7. In the case of PRDC, nPPVs have also been detected, with PPV2 having the highest viral loads in the lungs of affected pigs. Regarding coinfections, nPPVs have been detected in concurrence in healthy and sick pigs, with primary PRDC and PRF viruses such as PCV2, PCV3, and PRRSV. The effect of these coinfections is not apparent; it is unknown whether they favor the replication of the primary agents, the severity of the clinical manifestations, or have no effect. The most significant limitation in the study of nPPVs is that their isolation has been impossible; therefore, there are no studies on their pathogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. For all of the above, it is necessary to propose basic and applied research on nPPVs to establish if they are putative disease agents, establish their effect on coinfections, and measure their impact on swine production.

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“…Roe deer copiparvovirus (RdPV , Ungulate copiparvovirus 3 ) DNA was identified through metagenomic sequencing of Ixodes ricinus ticks and European roe deer in Belgium [ 198 ]. The RdPV genome encodes for two putative ORFs and its NS gene has 55% nucleotide identity to BPV2, its closest relative.…”

Section: Genus Copiparvovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small but mighty: old and new parvoviruses of veterinary significance

Jager

Tomlinson

Lopez-Astacio

et al. 2021

Virol J

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In line with the Latin expression “sed parva forti” meaning “small but mighty,” the family Parvoviridae contains many of the smallest known viruses, some of which result in fatal or debilitating infections. In recent years, advances in metagenomic viral discovery techniques have dramatically increased the identification of novel parvoviruses in both diseased and healthy individuals. While some of these discoveries have solved etiologic mysteries of well-described diseases in animals, many of the newly discovered parvoviruses appear to cause mild or no disease, or disease associations remain to be established. With the increased use of animal parvoviruses as vectors for gene therapy and oncolytic treatments in humans, it becomes all the more important to understand the diversity, pathogenic potential, and evolution of this diverse family of viruses. In this review, we discuss parvoviruses infecting vertebrate animals, with a special focus on pathogens of veterinary significance and viruses discovered within the last four years.

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A novel parvovirus, Roe deer copiparvovirus, identified in Ixodes ricinus ticks

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Equine parvovirus hepatitis

Equine parvovirus hepatitis

The Novel Porcine Parvoviruses: Current State of Knowledge and Their Possible Implications in Clinical Syndromes in Pigs

Small but mighty: old and new parvoviruses of veterinary significance

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