“…From the above systems only (7) has to be solved. Then X p can be replaced in (8) and B q is easily computed.…”
Section: The Model With Calculus On Discrete Manifoldsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(-0.016386, -0.013561, -0.016386) (0.23345, 0.19697, 0.23345) y 8 (0, -1, 1) (0, -1, 1) y 9 (0, 1, 0) (0, 1, 0) y 10 (1, -1, -1) (1, -1, -1) y 11 (0, 1, 0) (0, 1, 0) y 12 (0, -1, 1) (0, -1, 1) y 13 (0, 1, 0) (0, 1, 0) y 14 (0, -1,-1) (0,-1,-1)…”
Section: Figure 6: a Unit Cellunclassified
“…The probability of cleavage fracture, however, decreases rapidly with the increase of temperature, where plasticity is enhanced. This apparent increase of material toughness with temperature cannot be captured with the existing modelling strategy, despite of the many improvements in the particle rapture criterion over the years [8], [12]. However, accurate assessment with reduced conservatism is needed for more economic exploitation of reactors, including better planning of inspection intervals and life-extension decisions.…”
“…From the above systems only (7) has to be solved. Then X p can be replaced in (8) and B q is easily computed.…”
Section: The Model With Calculus On Discrete Manifoldsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(-0.016386, -0.013561, -0.016386) (0.23345, 0.19697, 0.23345) y 8 (0, -1, 1) (0, -1, 1) y 9 (0, 1, 0) (0, 1, 0) y 10 (1, -1, -1) (1, -1, -1) y 11 (0, 1, 0) (0, 1, 0) y 12 (0, -1, 1) (0, -1, 1) y 13 (0, 1, 0) (0, 1, 0) y 14 (0, -1,-1) (0,-1,-1)…”
Section: Figure 6: a Unit Cellunclassified
“…The probability of cleavage fracture, however, decreases rapidly with the increase of temperature, where plasticity is enhanced. This apparent increase of material toughness with temperature cannot be captured with the existing modelling strategy, despite of the many improvements in the particle rapture criterion over the years [8], [12]. However, accurate assessment with reduced conservatism is needed for more economic exploitation of reactors, including better planning of inspection intervals and life-extension decisions.…”
“…The SDTS method is expected to solve the problem of improving the prediction for relatively high temperatures that is faced in the MC approach. 1 The SDTS method was validated for application to the SE(B) specimen in this study. Because the EPRI J pl functional form for other fracture toughness test specimen types is similar, the SDTS method is expected to be useful for other specimen types.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To evaluate the structural integrity of deteriorated steel and cracked structures over time in the ductile-tobrittle transition temperature (DBTT) region, it is necessary to understand the following three characteristics of the fracture toughness J c of the member, that is, (1) large temperature dependence (approximately 1000% change with a temperature change of 100°C), [1][2][3] (2) J cspecimen size dependence, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and (3) large scatter, 12,13 as shown in Figure 1. The temperature dependence on J c has been attributed to embrittlement caused by a decrease in temperature.…”
A spreadsheet-based simplified and direct toughness scaling method to predict the temperature dependence of fracture toughness Jc in the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature region is proposed. This method uses fracture toughness test data and the Ramberg–Osgood exponent and yield stress at the reference temperature, and yield stress at the temperature in interest to predict Jc. The physical basis of the simplified and direct toughness scaling method is the strong correlation between Jc and yield stress. The simplified and direct toughness scaling method was validated for Cr–Mo steel Japan Industrial Standard SCM440 and 0.55% carbon steel Japan Industrial Standard S55C by comparing the simplified and direct toughness scaling prediction results with the median results of an experiment performed at four temperatures ranging from −55°C to 100°C and at three temperatures ranging from −85°C to 20°C, respectively. The simplified and direct toughness scaling method can predict Jc from both low to high temperatures, and vice versa. Thus, 12 and 6 predictions were made for each material. The prediction discrepancy for these 18 cases ranged from −50.4% to +25.8% and the average absolute discrepancy was 22.1%. These results were acceptable considering the large scatter generally observed with Jc. In particular, in case of predicting Jc at temperatures higher than the lowest temperature of −55°C for SCM440, the simplified and direct toughness scaling method predicted Jc more realistically than the American Society for Testing and Materials E1921 master curve approach. Although the simplified and direct toughness scaling method requires additional tensile test data compared with the master curve approach, the acceptable prediction accuracy at high temperatures seems beneficial because the mass and time required for tensile tests are admissible.
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